Zenith Bifurcated Iliac Side Branch Device: Mid-term Results and Assessment of Risk Factors for Intraoperative Thrombosis

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the short- and mid-term results of the Zenith bifurcated iliac side branch device (ZBIS) in the treatment of common iliac artery (CIA) aneurysms, and to assess risk factors for intraoperative internal iliac artery (IIA) thrombosis. Methods All patients who underwent endovascular treatment of either an isolated CIA aneurysm or an aortoiliac aneurysm using the ZBIS device in the departments of vascular surgery of Strasbourg (France) and Lausanne (Switzerland) between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected. Results Thirty-one implantations were performed: 30 patients underwent 31 endovascular CIA aneurysm treatments with the ZBIS device. Mean operative time was 188 min. Technical success was obtained in 26 implantations (84%). In 5 implantations (16%), the final angiogram revealed an IIA thrombosis. Thirty-day mortality was 3.2%. Thirty-day morbidity was 13.3%. Mean follow-up was 15 months. Overall survival was 96% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. In intention-to-treat analysis, primary patency of the internal iliac side branch was 84% at 1 year and 76% at 2 years (5 peroperative IIA occlusions and 1 late occlusion). Freedom from reintervention was 89% at 1 and 2 years. One case of type III endoleak and 2 cases of type II endoleaks were identified. Only type III endoleak required an additional intervention with a covered stent. Aneurysm diameter decreased in 15 implantations (48%) and remained stable in 16 implantations (52%). Clinical, radiological, and peroperative parameters were analyzed to identify risk factor for intraoperative thrombosis of the internal iliac side branch. Notion of intraoperative difficulties (any additional procedure that was not initially planned and increasing the operating time) appeared as a risk factor in multivariate analysis (P < 0.01, standard deviation 1.27, odds ratio 30.6). Conclusions The main findings of our study is that the procedure can be difficult to perform in particular conditions and can lead to peroperative failure in these cases, highlighting the need for adequate patients screening. When technical success is obtained, outcomes can be considered as satisfactory.