@article{1a8ae395c22643f1afb5c0909fa7c775,
title = "Young's modulus and thermal expansion of tensioned graphene membranes",
abstract = "Tensioned graphene membranes are of interest both for fundamental physics and for applications ranging from water filtration to nanomechanical resonators. It is generally assumed that these membranes have a stretching modulus of about 340 N/m and a negative, temperature-independent thermal expansion coefficient due to transverse phonon modes. In this paper, we study the two-dimensional Young's modulus and thermal expansion of graphene as functions of temperature by using laser interferometry to detect the static displacement of the membrane in a cryostat. Surprisingly, we find that the modulus decreases strongly with increasing temperature, which leads to a positive temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient. We show that the thermally rippled membrane theory is not consistent with our data, while the effects of surface contaminants typically present on these membranes may explain the observed behavior. Our experiments undermine long-standing assumptions about tensioned two-dimensional membranes, but are consistent with puzzling behavior observed in previous experiments on graphene resonators.",
author = "Storch, {Isaac R.} and {De Alba}, Roberto and Adiga, {Vivekananda P.} and Abhilash, {T. S.} and Barton, {Robert A.} and Craighead, {Harold G.} and Parpia, {Jeevak M.} and McEuen, {Paul L.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Cornell Center for Materials Research with funding from the NSF MRSEC program (DMR-1719875), by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI: FA9550-16-1-0031), by the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, and by the Nanoelectronics Research Corporation (NERC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC); through the Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery and Exploration (INDEX). I.R.S. acknowledges support from the NSF IGERT program (DGE-0903653). This work made use of the NSF-supported Cornell Nanoscale Facility (ECCS-1542081) and the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which are supported through the NSF MRSEC Program (DMR-1719875). We also thank Jonathan Alden, Arthur Barnard, Alejandro Cortese, Andrej Kosmrlj, Kathryn McGill, David Nelson, Peter Rose, Eric Smith, and Natalia Storch for helpful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Physical Society. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = aug,
day = "6",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevB.98.085408",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "98",
journal = "Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics",
issn = "0163-1829",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "8",
}