@article{6d745099b9404897a0b2208d5b45e77d,
title = "Vascular dysfunction—The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease",
abstract = "Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker-based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Biomarkers, Blood-brain barrier, Cerebral blood flow, MRI, Vascular",
author = "Sweeney, {Melanie D.} and Axel Montagne and Sagare, {Abhay P.} and Nation, {Daniel A.} and Schneider, {Lon S.} and Chui, {Helena C.} and Harrington, {Michael G.} and Judy Pa and Meng Law and Wang, {Danny J.J.} and Jacobs, {Russell E.} and Doubal, {Fergus N.} and Joel Ramirez and Black, {Sandra E.} and Maiken Nedergaard and Helene Benveniste and Martin Dichgans and Costantino Iadecola and Seth Love and Bath, {Philip M.} and Markus, {Hugh S.} and Salman, {Rustam A.} and Allan, {Stuart M.} and Quinn, {Terence J.} and Kalaria, {Rajesh N.} and Werring, {David J.} and Carare, {Roxana O.} and Touyz, {Rhian M.} and Williams, {Steve C.R.} and Moskowitz, {Michael A.} and Katusic, {Zvonimir S.} and Lutz, {Sarah E.} and Orly Lazarov and Minshall, {Richard D.} and Jalees Rehman and Davis, {Thomas P.} and Wellington, {Cheryl L.} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Hector M.} and Chun Yuan and Lockhart, {Samuel N.} and Hughes, {Timothy M.} and Chen, {Christopher L.H.} and Perminder Sachdev and O'Brien, {John T.} and Ingmar Skoog and Leonardo Pantoni and Gustafson, {Deborah R.} and Biessels, {Geert Jan} and Anders Wallin and Smith, {Eric E.} and Vincent Mok and Adrian Wong and Peter Passmore and Frederick Barkof and Majon Muller and Breteler, {Monique M.B.} and Rom{\'a}n, {Gustavo C.} and Edith Hamel and Sudha Seshadri and Gottesman, {Rebecca F.} and {van Buchem}, {Mark A.} and Zoe Arvanitakis and Schneider, {Julie A.} and Drewes, {Lester R.} and Vladimir Hachinski and Finch, {Caleb E.} and Toga, {Arthur W.} and Wardlaw, {Joanna M.} and Zlokovic, {Berislav V.}",
note = "Funding Information: Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01AG023084 (B.V.Z.), R01NS090904 (B.V.Z.), R01NS034467 (B.V.Z.), R01AG039452 (B.V.Z.), 1R01NS100459 (B.V.Z.), 5P01AG052350 (B.V.Z.), 5P50AG005142 (H.C.C.; University of Southern California Alzheimer's Disease Research Center), EB015922 (A.W.T.; Laboratory of Neuro Imaging , LONI), R37-NS089323 (C.I.), R01-NS100447 (C.I.), R01-NS09544 (C.I.), R01-NS/HL037853 (C.I.), R01-NS034179 (C.I.), KL2-TR002002 (S.E.L.), R01-AG064248 (H.M.G.), RF1-AG054548 (H.M.G.), P30-AG005131 (H.M.G.), R21-AG056952 (H.M.G.), P30AG049638 (T.M.H.; S.N.L), R01AG054069 (T.M.H.; S.N.L.), R01HL096814 (T.M.H.), and R01AG053938 (T.M.H.) in addition to the Alzheimer's Association , Cure Alzheimer's Fund , and the Foundation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence for the Study of Perivascular Spaces in Small Vessel Disease reference no. 16 CVD 05. Funding Information: Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01AG023084 (B.V.Z.), R01NS090904 (B.V.Z.), R01NS034467 (B.V.Z.), R01AG039452 (B.V.Z.), 1R01NS100459 (B.V.Z.), 5P01AG052350 (B.V.Z.), 5P50AG005142 (H.C.C.; University of Southern California Alzheimer's Disease Research Center), EB015922 (A.W.T.; Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, LONI), R37-NS089323 (C.I.), R01-NS100447 (C.I.), R01-NS09544 (C.I.), R01-NS/HL037853 (C.I.), R01-NS034179 (C.I.), KL2-TR002002 (S.E.L.), R01-AG064248 (H.M.G.), RF1-AG054548 (H.M.G.), P30-AG005131 (H.M.G.), R21-AG056952 (H.M.G.), P30AG049638 (T.M.H.; S.N.L), R01AG054069 (T.M.H.; S.N.L.), R01HL096814 (T.M.H.), and R01AG053938 (T.M.H.) in addition to the Alzheimer's Association, Cure Alzheimer's Fund, and the Foundation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence for the Study of Perivascular Spaces in Small Vessel Disease reference no. 16 CVD 05. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 the Alzheimer's Association",
year = "2019",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.222",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "15",
pages = "158--167",
journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia",
issn = "1552-5260",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "1",
}