TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding Heart Rate Reactions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Veterans
T2 - A Naturalistic Study
AU - Sadeghi, Mahnoosh
AU - Sasangohar, Farzan
AU - McDonald, Anthony D.
AU - Hegde, Sudeep
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank “We Are Project Hero” Organization, and all veterans who participated in our studies for their help.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2021, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Objective: We collected naturalistic heart rate data from veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to investigate the effects of various factors on heart rate. Background: PTSD is prevalent among combat veterans in the United States. While a positive correlation between PTSD and heart rate has been documented, specific heart rate profiles during the onset of PTSD symptoms remain unknown. Method: Veterans were recruited during five cycling events in 2017 and 2018 to record resting and activity-related heart rate data using a wrist-worn device. The device also logged self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events. Regression analyses were performed on demographic and behavioral covariates including gender, exercise, antidepressants, smoking habits, sleep habits, average heart rate during reported hyperarousal events, age, glucocorticoids consumption, and alcohol consumption. Heart rate patterns during self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events were analyzed using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Heart rate data were also compared to an open-access non-PTSD representative case. Results: Of 99 veterans with PTSD, 91 participants reported at least one hyperarousal event, with a total of 1023 events; demographic information was complete for 38 participants who formed the subset for regression analyses. The results show that factors including smoking, sleeping, gender, and medication significantly affect resting heart rate. Moreover, unique heart rate patterns associated with PTSD symptoms in terms of stationarity, autocorrelation, and fluctuation characteristics were identified. Conclusion: Our findings show distinguishable heart rate patterns and characteristics during PTSD hyperarousal events. Application: These findings show promise for future work to detect the onset of PTSD symptoms.
AB - Objective: We collected naturalistic heart rate data from veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to investigate the effects of various factors on heart rate. Background: PTSD is prevalent among combat veterans in the United States. While a positive correlation between PTSD and heart rate has been documented, specific heart rate profiles during the onset of PTSD symptoms remain unknown. Method: Veterans were recruited during five cycling events in 2017 and 2018 to record resting and activity-related heart rate data using a wrist-worn device. The device also logged self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events. Regression analyses were performed on demographic and behavioral covariates including gender, exercise, antidepressants, smoking habits, sleep habits, average heart rate during reported hyperarousal events, age, glucocorticoids consumption, and alcohol consumption. Heart rate patterns during self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events were analyzed using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Heart rate data were also compared to an open-access non-PTSD representative case. Results: Of 99 veterans with PTSD, 91 participants reported at least one hyperarousal event, with a total of 1023 events; demographic information was complete for 38 participants who formed the subset for regression analyses. The results show that factors including smoking, sleeping, gender, and medication significantly affect resting heart rate. Moreover, unique heart rate patterns associated with PTSD symptoms in terms of stationarity, autocorrelation, and fluctuation characteristics were identified. Conclusion: Our findings show distinguishable heart rate patterns and characteristics during PTSD hyperarousal events. Application: These findings show promise for future work to detect the onset of PTSD symptoms.
KW - PTSD
KW - heart rate
KW - mental disabilities
KW - physiological measurement
KW - stress
KW - wearable sensors
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U2 - 10.1177/00187208211034024
DO - 10.1177/00187208211034024
M3 - Article
C2 - 34292055
AN - SCOPUS:85110962549
SN - 0018-7208
VL - 64
SP - 173
EP - 187
JO - Human Factors
JF - Human Factors
IS - 1
ER -