Transradial approach for percutaneous intervention of malfunctioning arteriovenous accesses

Objective: Interventions on arteriovenous (AV) access are typically performed with a direct puncture into the fistula. An alternative is the transradial approach (TRA), which offers the advantage of visualizing both the arterial and venous limbs as well as any juxta-anastomotic stenosis, all through one access. Methods: From September 2010 to 2013, 511 fistulograms were performed on 322 patients, 55 of which were TRA procedures in 40 patients (50% male; mean age, 60.4 ± 16.5 years). Of these, 37 of 40 accesses (92.5%) were AV fistulas, and 54 of 55 interventions (98%) were performed for stenotic lesion(s). There were 37 initial interventions, 13 secondary inventions, and five diagnostic fistulograms through the TRA. Stenotic lesions were juxta-anastomotic in 28, venous in 11, or both in 11. Mean follow-up was 14.3 months in 37 of 40 patients. Outcomes included technical and clinical success, complications, functional patency, and flow rate changes. Results: All TRA punctures were successful, with no radial artery thromboses or hand ischemia. Technical success was 88% (44 of 50). Functional patency rates were 88.5% (23 of 26), 84.2% (16 of 19), and 83% (10 of 12) at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The complication rate was 1.8% (one of 55), consisting of AV fistula rupture after angioplasty. The average flow rate in the 20 juxta-anastomotic stenosis increased from 637 mL/min to 1094 mL/min (P =.01) after the procedure. Conclusions: The TRA is a practical option with functional patency rates that are comparable to traditional approaches when intervening on a malfunctioning dialysis access in the appropriately selected patient. No hand ischemia was noted. This approach may be particularly attractive for treatment of juxta-anastomotic stenoses in a variety of AV accesses and offers unique practical advantages for the maintenance of AV accesses.