The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Jon D. Elhai; Ateka A. Contractor; Marijo Tamburrino; Thomas H. Fine; Marta R. Prescott; Edwin Shirley; Phillip K. Chan; Renee Slembarski; Israel Liberzon; Sandro Galea; Joseph R. Calabrese

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018

The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Jon D. Elhai, Ateka A. Contractor, Marijo Tamburrino, Thomas H. Fine, Marta R. Prescott, Edwin Shirley, Phillip K. Chan, Renee Slembarski, Israel Liberzon, Sandro Galea, Joseph R. Calabrese

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

125 Scopus citations

Abstract

Little research has examined the underlying symptom structure of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria. Our aim was to analyze the symptom structure of major depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 was administered to a sample of 2615 Army National Guard soldiers from Ohio. A one-factor model of depression and three separate two-factor models previously established in the literature were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results demonstrated greater support for the two-factor models of depression than for the one-factor model. The best fitting model was the two-factor model of somatic and non-somatic symptoms supported previously by Krause et al. (2010) and Richardson and Richards (2008). Implications for understanding the components and mechanisms of MDD are discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	169-173
Number of pages	5
Journal	Psychiatry Research
Volume	199
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018
State	Published - Oct 30 2012

Keywords

Confirmatory factor analysis
Depression
Military veterans
Patient Health Questionnaire-9

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Psychiatry and Mental health
Biological Psychiatry

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10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018

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Elhai, J. D., Contractor, A. A., Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Prescott, M. R., Shirley, E., Chan, P. K., Slembarski, R., Liberzon, I., Galea, S., & Calabrese, J. R. (2012). The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Psychiatry Research, 199(3), 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018

Elhai, JD, Contractor, AA, Tamburrino, M, Fine, TH, Prescott, MR, Shirley, E, Chan, PK, Slembarski, R, Liberzon, I, Galea, S & Calabrese, JR 2012, 'The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9', Psychiatry Research, vol. 199, no. 3, pp. 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.018

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abstract = "Little research has examined the underlying symptom structure of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria. Our aim was to analyze the symptom structure of major depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 was administered to a sample of 2615 Army National Guard soldiers from Ohio. A one-factor model of depression and three separate two-factor models previously established in the literature were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results demonstrated greater support for the two-factor models of depression than for the one-factor model. The best fitting model was the two-factor model of somatic and non-somatic symptoms supported previously by Krause et al. (2010) and Richardson and Richards (2008). Implications for understanding the components and mechanisms of MDD are discussed.",

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note = "Funding Information: This project was funded by the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program W81XWH-O7-1-0409, the “Combat Mental Health Initiative.” ",

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AU - Shirley, Edwin

AU - Chan, Phillip K.

AU - Slembarski, Renee

AU - Liberzon, Israel

AU - Galea, Sandro

AU - Calabrese, Joseph R.

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The factor structure of major depression symptoms: A test of four competing models using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

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