The effect of pancreas transplantation on peripheral vascular disease complications

Background We sought to determine whether pancreas transplantation reduced the incidence of peripheral vascular complications in diabetics with renal insufficiency. Methods A retrospective single-center review was done of 36 kidney-pancreas (KP) and 88 kidney-alone (KA) recipients with a diagnosis of diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) transplanted between May 1997 and July 2002. Risk factors studied included type of transplant, age, gender, history of smoking, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The endpoint was first peripheral vascular event occurring after transplantation, defined as either an amputation or revascularization procedure. Results The mean age of the cohort was 51 ± 9 years, 64% of patients were of male gender, 20% with a history of smoking, 98% with hypertension, 15% with coronary artery disease (CAD), and 12% with a history of PVD. With a median follow-up of 45 months (12 to 79 months), 3/36 (8%) of KP recipients suffered a PVD complication, compared to 10/88 (11%) of KA recipients (P = NS). Similarly, age, gender, a past history of smoking, CAD, and hypertension were not predictive of PVD complications. Five of 15 patients (33%) with a pretransplant history of PVD suffered a postoperative PVD event compared to only 8 of 109 patients (7%) with no prior history of PVD (P = .008). Conclusions Restoration of normoglycemia by pancreas transplantation did not reduce the risk of PVD complications in diabetics with renal failure. A pretransplant history of PVD was the only risk factor associated with posttransplant PVD events.