TCRβ repertoire of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells is distinct in richness, distribution, and CDR3 amino acid composition

The TCR repertoire serves as a reservoir of TCRs for recognizing all potential pathogens. Two major types of T cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺, that use the same genetic elements and process to generate a functional TCR differ in their recognition of peptide bound to MHC class II and I, respectively. However, it is currently unclear to what extent the TCR repertoire of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells is different. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the TCRβ repertoires of CD4⁺and CD8⁺ T cells by use of a 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends–PCR–sequencing method. We found that TCRβ richness of CD4⁺ T cells ranges from 1.2 to 9.8 × 10⁴ and is approximately 5 times greater, on average, than that of CD8⁺ T cells in each study subject. Furthermore, there was little overlap in TCRβ sequences between CD4⁺ (0.3%) and CD8⁺ (1.3%) T cells. Further analysis showed that CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells exhibited distinct preferences for certain amino acids in the CDR3, and this was confirmed further by a support vector machine classifier, suggesting that there are distinct and discernible differences between TCRβ CDR3 in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Finally, we identified 5–12% of the unique TCRβs that share an identical CDR3 with different variable genes. Together, our findings reveal the distinct features of the TCRβ repertoire between CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and could potentially be used to evaluate the competency of T cell immunity.