Targeting base excision repair for chemosensitization

Sanjay Adhikari, Sujata Choudhury, Partha S. Mitra, Jerita J. Dubash, Shyama P. Sajankila, Rabindra Roy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

In both bacteria and eukaryotes the alkylated, oxidized, and deaminated bases and depurinated lesions are primarily repaired via an endogenous preventve pathway, i.e. base excision repair (BER). Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are two important modes of cancer treatment Many of those therapeutic agents used in the clinic have the ability to induce the DNA damage; however, they may also be highly cytotoxic, causing peripheral toxicity and secondary cancer as adverse side effects. In addition, the damage produced by the therapeutic agents can often be repaired by the BER proteins, which in effect confers therapeutic resistance. Efficient inhibition of a particular BER protein(s) may increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimes, which minimizes resistance and ultimately decreases the possibility of the aforementioned negative side effects. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways may be explored as a useful strategy to enhance chemosensitivity. Various agents have shown excellent results in preclinical studies in combination chemotherapy. Early phase clinical trials are now being carried out using DNA repair inhibitors targeting enzymes such as PARP, DNA-PK or MGMT. In the case of BER proteins, elimination of N-Methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) or inhibition of P-endonuclease (APE) increased sensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating chemotherapeutics. MPG-/- embryonic stem cells and cells having MPG knock-down by siRNA are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, whereas inhibition of APE by small molecule inhibitors sensitized cancer cells to alkylating chemotherapeutics. Thus, MPG and other BER proteins could be potential targets for chemosensitization.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)351-357
Number of pages7
JournalAnti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Volume8
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2008

Keywords

  • AP-endonuclease
  • Base excision repair
  • Chemoresistance
  • DNA repair
  • Drug targets
  • Methoxyamine
  • Methyl methane sulfonate
  • N-methylpurine DNA-glycosylase
  • O-methylguanine methyl transferase
  • Temozolomide

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cancer Research
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

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