@article{c2e02a5f9b724b02af86d955264492b3,
title = "Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock",
abstract = "Objective: To develop management guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock that would be of practical use for the bedside clinician, under the auspices of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, an international effort to increase awareness and improve outcome in severe sepsis. Design: The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. The modified Delphi methodology used for grading recommendations built upon a 2001 publication sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. We undertook a systematic review of the literature graded along 5 levels to create recommendation grades from A-E, with A being the highest grade. Pediatric considerations were provided to contrast adult and pediatric management. Participants: Participants included 44 critical care and infectious disease experts representing 11 international organizations. Results: A total of 46 recommendations plus pediatric management considerations. Conclusions: Evidence-based recommendations can be made regarding many aspects of the acute management of sepsis and septic shock that will hopefully translate into improved outcomes for the critically ill patient. The impact of these guidelines will be formally tested and guidelines updated annually, and even more rapidly when some important new knowledge becomes available.",
keywords = "Evidence-based medicine, Guidelines, Infection, Sepsis, Sepsis syndrome, Septic shock, Severe sepsis, Surviving sepsis campaign",
author = "Dellinger, {R. Phillip} and Carlet, {Jean M.} and Henry Masur and Herwig Gerlach and Thierry Calandra and Jonathan Cohen and Juan Gea-Banacloche and Didier Keh and Marshall, {John C.} and Parker, {Margaret M.} and Graham Ramsay and Zimmerman, {Janice L.} and Vincent, {Jean Louis} and Levy, {M. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The ESICM, SCCM and International Sepsis Forum have established the Surviving Sepsis Campaign with the aim of improving the care of septic patients. The first phase of the Campaign was built around the Barcelona ESICM congress and included the initial Barcelona Declaration, a media campaign that identified sepsis as a killer and the need to make progress in public awareness and to reduce mortality, and two surveys performed among physicians. The cost of phase I was approximately EUR 553,227, and was supported by unrestricted educational grants from Eli Lilly (94%), Edwards (3%) and Baxter (3%). Producing the present guidelines document was the phase II of the Campaign. For this process, the sponsor companies have been entirely separated from the process by which the guidelines were developed by the many contributors, whose conflicts of interest have been collected in accordance with SCCM guidance (see document). The costs for this phase included mainly the costs of the meeting, teleconference and website update, amounted to approximately EUR 125,006, and were beared by unrestricted educational grants from Eli Lilly (90%) and Edwards (10%). Most of the expense for this effort has been time by the committee who received no reimbursement. Funding Information: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is admin istered jointly by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, International Sepsis Forum, and the Society of Critical Care Medicine, and is supported in part by unrestricted educational grants from Baxter Bioscience, Edwards Lifesciences, and Eli Lilly and Company (majority sponsor). Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2004",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1007/s00134-004-2210-z",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "30",
pages = "536--555",
journal = "Intensive Care Medicine",
issn = "0342-4642",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "4",
}