Surgical treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability: a historical review

Background: Glenohumeral instability is a common pathology, particularly in young, active patients. Methods: A narrative review was performed to describe the history of surgical treatments for anterior shoulder instability. Results: Open surgical techniques were first described by Bankart in 1923. Techniques include both anatomic soft tissue repairs and nonanatomic procedures to provide constraint to motion and dislocation. Osseous techniques to address glenoid bone loss include both autograft techniques, such as the Latarjet procedure, and the use of various allografts. Technologic advances, particularly arthroscopy, have continued to drive the evolution of treatments. The concept of the glenoid track has furthered our understanding of this pathology to guide appropriate treatment to reduce recurrence. Conclusions: Surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability continues to evolve in an effort to restore function and prevent additional injury.