TY - JOUR
T1 - Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses ketamine-induced poly population spikes in rat sensorimotor cortex
AU - Jiang, Wenxuan
AU - Isenhart, Robert
AU - Sutherland, Robert
AU - Lu, Zhouxiao
AU - Xu, Huijing
AU - Pace, John
AU - Bonaguidi, Michael A.
AU - Lee, Darrin J.
AU - Liu, Charles Y.
AU - Song, Dong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Isenhart, Sutherland, Lu, Xu, Pace, Bonaguidi, Lee, Liu and Song.
PY - 2022/10/21
Y1 - 2022/10/21
N2 - Cortical oscillations within or across brain regions play fundamental roles in sensory, motor, and memory functions. It can be altered by neuromodulations such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and pharmacological manipulations such as ketamine. However, the neurobiological basis of the effects of rTMS and ketamine, as well as their interactions, on cortical oscillations is not understood. In this study, we developed and applied a rodent model that enabled simultaneous rTMS treatment, pharmacological manipulations, and invasive electrophysiological recordings, which is difficult in humans. Specifically, a miniaturized C-shaped coil was designed and fabricated to deliver focal subthreshold rTMS above the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortex in rats. Multi-electrode arrays (MEA) were implanted to record local field potentials (LFPs) and single unit activities. A novel form of synchronized activities, poly population spikes (PPS), was discovered as the biomarker of ketamine in LFPs. Brief subthreshold rTMS effectively and reversibly suppressed PPS while increasing the firing rates of single unit activities. These results suggest that ketamine and rTMS have convergent but opposing effects on cortical oscillations and circuits. This highly robust phenomenon has important implications to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS and ketamine as well as developing new therapeutic strategies involving both neuromodulation and pharmacological agents.
AB - Cortical oscillations within or across brain regions play fundamental roles in sensory, motor, and memory functions. It can be altered by neuromodulations such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and pharmacological manipulations such as ketamine. However, the neurobiological basis of the effects of rTMS and ketamine, as well as their interactions, on cortical oscillations is not understood. In this study, we developed and applied a rodent model that enabled simultaneous rTMS treatment, pharmacological manipulations, and invasive electrophysiological recordings, which is difficult in humans. Specifically, a miniaturized C-shaped coil was designed and fabricated to deliver focal subthreshold rTMS above the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortex in rats. Multi-electrode arrays (MEA) were implanted to record local field potentials (LFPs) and single unit activities. A novel form of synchronized activities, poly population spikes (PPS), was discovered as the biomarker of ketamine in LFPs. Brief subthreshold rTMS effectively and reversibly suppressed PPS while increasing the firing rates of single unit activities. These results suggest that ketamine and rTMS have convergent but opposing effects on cortical oscillations and circuits. This highly robust phenomenon has important implications to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS and ketamine as well as developing new therapeutic strategies involving both neuromodulation and pharmacological agents.
KW - ketamine
KW - local field potentials
KW - neuromodulation
KW - population spikes
KW - rTMS
KW - spikes
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U2 - 10.3389/fnins.2022.998704
DO - 10.3389/fnins.2022.998704
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85141186705
SN - 1662-4548
VL - 16
JO - Frontiers in Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience
M1 - 998704
ER -