TY - JOUR
T1 - Stromal growth and epithelial cell proliferation in ventral prostates of liver X receptor knockout mice
AU - Kim, Hyun Jin
AU - Andersson, Leif C.
AU - Bouton, Didier
AU - Warner, Margaret
AU - Gustafsson, Jan Åke
PY - 2009/1/13
Y1 - 2009/1/13
N2 - With specific liver X receptor α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) antibodies, we found that LXRα is strongly expressed in the luminal and basal cells of prostatic epithelium. The ventral prostates (VP) of LXRα-/- mice are characterized by the presence of smooth-muscle actin-positive stromal overgrowth around the prostatic ducts and by numerous fibrous nodules pushing into the ducts and causing obstruction, so that most of the ducts were extremely dilated. BrdU labeling and Ki67 staining revealed epithelial and stromal proliferation in the fibrous nodules. However, the dense stroma surrounding the ducts was not positive for proliferation markers. There was no detectable difference between WT and LXRα-/- mice VP in the expression of the androgen receptor, but there was an increase in nuclear expression of Snail and Smad 2/3, indicating enhanced TGF-β signaling. Upon treatment of WT mice for 3 months with the LXR agonist T2320 or for 3 weeks with β-sitosterol, LXRα was downregulated, and a VP phenotype similar to that of LXRα-/- mice resulted. We conclude that in rodents, LXRα seems to control VP stromal growth and that LXRα-/- mice may be a useful model to study prostatic stromal hyperplasia. Because LXRα is expressed in the epithelium, the excessive stromal growth in LXRα-/- mice indicates that LXRα is essential for epithelial stromal communication.
AB - With specific liver X receptor α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) antibodies, we found that LXRα is strongly expressed in the luminal and basal cells of prostatic epithelium. The ventral prostates (VP) of LXRα-/- mice are characterized by the presence of smooth-muscle actin-positive stromal overgrowth around the prostatic ducts and by numerous fibrous nodules pushing into the ducts and causing obstruction, so that most of the ducts were extremely dilated. BrdU labeling and Ki67 staining revealed epithelial and stromal proliferation in the fibrous nodules. However, the dense stroma surrounding the ducts was not positive for proliferation markers. There was no detectable difference between WT and LXRα-/- mice VP in the expression of the androgen receptor, but there was an increase in nuclear expression of Snail and Smad 2/3, indicating enhanced TGF-β signaling. Upon treatment of WT mice for 3 months with the LXR agonist T2320 or for 3 weeks with β-sitosterol, LXRα was downregulated, and a VP phenotype similar to that of LXRα-/- mice resulted. We conclude that in rodents, LXRα seems to control VP stromal growth and that LXRα-/- mice may be a useful model to study prostatic stromal hyperplasia. Because LXRα is expressed in the epithelium, the excessive stromal growth in LXRα-/- mice indicates that LXRα is essential for epithelial stromal communication.
KW - Benign prostatic hyperplasia
KW - Liver X receptor
KW - Mesenchymal transformation
KW - Snail
KW - TGF-β
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.0811295106
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0811295106
M3 - Article
C2 - 19122149
AN - SCOPUS:58849147447
VL - 106
SP - 558
EP - 563
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
SN - 0027-8424
IS - 2
ER -