@article{709f4ccd756543db94148450d43ac666,
title = "Statins: Neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms in mood disorders",
abstract = "Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) treat dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond cardiovascular disease, cholesterol and inflammation appear to be components of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Statins may therefore afford some therapeutic benefit in mood disorders. In this paper, we review the pathophysiology of mood disorders with a focus on pharmacologically relevant pathways, using major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder as exemplars. Statins are discussed in the context of these disorders, with particular focus on the putative mechanisms involved in their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Recent clinical data suggest that statins may have antidepressant properties, however given their interactions with many known biological pathways, it has not been fully elucidated which of these are the major determinants of clinical outcomes in mood disorders. Moreover, it remains unclear what the appropriate dose, or appropriate patient phenotype for adjunctive treatment may be. High quality randomised control trials in concert with complementary biological investigations are needed if the potential clinical effects of statins on mood disorders, as well as their biological correlates, are to be better understood.",
keywords = "Bipolar disorder, Cholesterol, Depression, Inflammation, Mental disorders, Mood disorders, Neuroprogression, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Statins, Treatment",
author = "Walker, {Adam J.} and Yesul Kim and Igor Borissiouk and Rodolfo Rehder and Seetal Dodd and Gerwyn Morris and Nierenberg, {Andrew A.} and Michael Maes and Fernandes, {Brisa S.} and Dean, {Olivia M.} and Williams, {Lana J.} and Eyre, {Harris A.} and Kim, {Sung Wan} and Sophia Zoungas and Carvalho, {Andre F.} and Michael Berk",
note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Dr Igor Borissiouk. AJW is supported by a Trisno Family Research Fellowship, Deakin University. OMD is supported by an R.D. Wright NHMRC Biomedical Career Development Fellowship (1145634). MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1156072). LJW is supported by a NHMRC Emerging Research Fellowship (1174060). Funding Information: AJW has received funding support from the Trisno Family Gift, and Deakin University. OMD has received grant support from the Brain and Behavior Foundation, Simons Autism Foundation, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Deakin University, Lilly, NHMRC and ASBDD/Servier. She has also received in kind support from BioMedica Nutraceuticals, NutritionCare and Bioceuticals. MB has received Grant/Research Support from the NIH, Cooperative Research Centre, Simons Autism Foundation, Cancer Council of Victoria, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, Medical Benefits Fund, National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Futures Fund, Beyond Blue, Rotary Health, A2 milk company, Meat and Livestock Board, Woolworths, Avant and the Harry Windsor Foundation, has been a speaker for Abbot, Astra Zeneca, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck and Merck and served as a consultant to Allergan, Astra Zeneca, Bioadvantex, Bionomics, Collaborative Medicinal Development, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck Merck, Pfizer and Servier ? all unrelated to this work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.012",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "128",
pages = "693--708",
journal = "Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews",
issn = "0149-7634",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}