TY - JOUR
T1 - Spectrum of Ischemic Heart Disease Throughout a Woman’s Life Cycle
AU - Gowda, Smitha Narayana
AU - Garapati, Sai Sita
AU - Kurrelmeyer, Karla
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both genders; however, young women fare the worst, likely reflecting the more complex spectrum of IHD in women when compared to men. Substantial sex-based differences exist in the underlying risk factors, risk enhancers, presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of IHD that are mainly attributed to the influence of female sex hormones. This article reviews the spectrum of IHD including obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease, ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic angina, and coronary thrombosis/embolism that occur in women throughout various stages of their life cycle. We aim to update clinicians on the diagnosis and management of these various types of IHD and highlight where further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine optimal treatment and inform guideline-directed medical therapy.
AB - Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both genders; however, young women fare the worst, likely reflecting the more complex spectrum of IHD in women when compared to men. Substantial sex-based differences exist in the underlying risk factors, risk enhancers, presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of IHD that are mainly attributed to the influence of female sex hormones. This article reviews the spectrum of IHD including obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease, ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic angina, and coronary thrombosis/embolism that occur in women throughout various stages of their life cycle. We aim to update clinicians on the diagnosis and management of these various types of IHD and highlight where further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine optimal treatment and inform guideline-directed medical therapy.
KW - INOCA
KW - MINOCA
KW - SCAD
KW - coronary microvascular dysfunction
KW - ischemic heart disease in women
KW - vasospasm
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U2 - 10.14797/mdcvj.1331
DO - 10.14797/mdcvj.1331
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38495657
AN - SCOPUS:85188045802
SN - 1947-6094
VL - 20
SP - 81
EP - 93
JO - Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal
JF - Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal
IS - 2
ER -