Spectrum of Ischemic Heart Disease Throughout a Woman’s Life Cycle

Smitha Narayana Gowda, Sai Sita Garapati, Karla Kurrelmeyer

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both genders; however, young women fare the worst, likely reflecting the more complex spectrum of IHD in women when compared to men. Substantial sex-based differences exist in the underlying risk factors, risk enhancers, presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of IHD that are mainly attributed to the influence of female sex hormones. This article reviews the spectrum of IHD including obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease, ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic angina, and coronary thrombosis/embolism that occur in women throughout various stages of their life cycle. We aim to update clinicians on the diagnosis and management of these various types of IHD and highlight where further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine optimal treatment and inform guideline-directed medical therapy.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)81-93
Number of pages13
JournalMethodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal
Volume20
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024

Keywords

  • INOCA
  • MINOCA
  • SCAD
  • coronary microvascular dysfunction
  • ischemic heart disease in women
  • vasospasm

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine(all)

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