TY - JOUR
T1 - Smoking
T2 - Adverse effects on outcomes for plastic surgical patients
AU - Netscher, David T.
AU - Clamon, Janet
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - Smoking is known to have a potentially adverse effect on the outcomes of plastic surgical procedures and, in particular, on wound healing. Numerous clinical studies have substantiated that cigarette smokers are at increased risk for wound healing problems. Cigarette smoke contains a number of toxic products. Of these toxins, nicotine has been studied in detail and is known to inhibit macrophages and fibroblasts, potentiate vascular thrombosis, and cause vasoconstriction. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces oxygen availability to tissues. When operating on cigarette smokers a few options exist that may improve outcomes: less undermining with rhytidectomy; sympathetic blockades; limited use of alternate nicotine sources; and of course smoking cessation, which is ideal.
AB - Smoking is known to have a potentially adverse effect on the outcomes of plastic surgical procedures and, in particular, on wound healing. Numerous clinical studies have substantiated that cigarette smokers are at increased risk for wound healing problems. Cigarette smoke contains a number of toxic products. Of these toxins, nicotine has been studied in detail and is known to inhibit macrophages and fibroblasts, potentiate vascular thrombosis, and cause vasoconstriction. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces oxygen availability to tissues. When operating on cigarette smokers a few options exist that may improve outcomes: less undermining with rhytidectomy; sympathetic blockades; limited use of alternate nicotine sources; and of course smoking cessation, which is ideal.
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U2 - 10.1097/00006527-199401440-00003
DO - 10.1097/00006527-199401440-00003
M3 - Article
C2 - 7732100
AN - SCOPUS:0028711158
VL - 14
SP - 205
EP - 210
JO - Plastic surgical nursing : official journal of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Nurses
JF - Plastic surgical nursing : official journal of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Nurses
SN - 0741-5206
IS - 4
ER -