TY - JOUR
T1 - SemiSPECT
T2 - A small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager based on eight cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector arrays
AU - Kim, Hyunki
AU - Furenlid, Lars R.
AU - Crawford, Michael J.
AU - Wilson, Donald W.
AU - Barber, H. Bradford
AU - Peterson, Todd E.
AU - Hunter, William C.J.
AU - Liu, Zhonglin
AU - Woolfenden, James M.
AU - Barrett, Harrison H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Sean Taylor, Benjamin Gershman, Antonio Arce, Eric Goodwin, Dak Knight, Steve Balzer, Dan Marks, Joshua Eskin, Kevin Matherson, Lance Fesler, and Heather Durko, who contributed towards the technology used in SemiSPECT, and Dr. Gail Stevenson, who helped us to accomplish the initial animal studies using SemiSPECT. This work was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant Nos. R37 EB000803 and P41 EB002035: The Center for Gamma Ray Imaging. The research of Todd E. Peterson, Ph.D. was supported in part by a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006/2
Y1 - 2006/2
N2 - The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm X 2.7 cm X ∼0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 X 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 X 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 × 10-4 with the energy window of ±10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT.
AB - The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm X 2.7 cm X ∼0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 X 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 X 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 × 10-4 with the energy window of ±10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT.
KW - Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)
KW - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
KW - Small-animal imaging
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U2 - 10.1118/1.2164070
DO - 10.1118/1.2164070
M3 - Article
C2 - 16532954
AN - SCOPUS:31844444997
SN - 0094-2405
VL - 33
SP - 465
EP - 474
JO - Medical Physics
JF - Medical Physics
IS - 2
ER -