TY - JOUR
T1 - Review of wearable technologies and machine learning methodologies for systematic detection of mild traumatic brain injuries
AU - Schmid, William
AU - Fan, Yingying
AU - Chi, Taiyun
AU - Golanov, Eugene
AU - Regnier-Golanov, Angelique S
AU - Austerman, Ryan J
AU - Podell, Kenneth
AU - Cherukuri, Paul
AU - Bentley, Timothy
AU - Steele, Christopher T
AU - Schodrof, Sarah
AU - Aazhang, Behnaam
AU - Britz, Gavin W
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/8/19
Y1 - 2021/8/19
N2 - Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are the most common type of brain injury. Timely diagnosis of mTBI is crucial in making 'go/no-go' decision in order to prevent repeated injury, avoid strenuous activities which may prolong recovery, and assure capabilities of high-level performance of the subject. If undiagnosed, mTBI may lead to various short- and long-term abnormalities, which include, but are not limited to impaired cognitive function, fatigue, depression, irritability, and headaches. Existing screening and diagnostic tools to detect acute andearly-stagemTBIs have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. This results in uncertainty in clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis and returning to activity or requiring further medical treatment. Therefore, it is important to identify relevant physiological biomarkers that can be integrated into a mutually complementary set and provide a combination of data modalities for improved on-site diagnostic sensitivity of mTBI. In recent years, the processing power, signal fidelity, and the number of recording channels and modalities of wearable healthcare devices have improved tremendously and generated an enormous amount of data. During the same period, there have been incredible advances in machine learning tools and data processing methodologies. These achievements are enabling clinicians and engineers to develop and implement multiparametric high-precision diagnostic tools for mTBI. In this review, we first assess clinical challenges in the diagnosis of acute mTBI, and then consider recording modalities and hardware implementation of various sensing technologies used to assess physiological biomarkers that may be related to mTBI. Finally, we discuss the state of the art in machine learning-based detection of mTBI and consider how a more diverse list of quantitative physiological biomarker features may improve current data-driven approaches in providing mTBI patients timely diagnosis and treatment.
AB - Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are the most common type of brain injury. Timely diagnosis of mTBI is crucial in making 'go/no-go' decision in order to prevent repeated injury, avoid strenuous activities which may prolong recovery, and assure capabilities of high-level performance of the subject. If undiagnosed, mTBI may lead to various short- and long-term abnormalities, which include, but are not limited to impaired cognitive function, fatigue, depression, irritability, and headaches. Existing screening and diagnostic tools to detect acute andearly-stagemTBIs have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. This results in uncertainty in clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis and returning to activity or requiring further medical treatment. Therefore, it is important to identify relevant physiological biomarkers that can be integrated into a mutually complementary set and provide a combination of data modalities for improved on-site diagnostic sensitivity of mTBI. In recent years, the processing power, signal fidelity, and the number of recording channels and modalities of wearable healthcare devices have improved tremendously and generated an enormous amount of data. During the same period, there have been incredible advances in machine learning tools and data processing methodologies. These achievements are enabling clinicians and engineers to develop and implement multiparametric high-precision diagnostic tools for mTBI. In this review, we first assess clinical challenges in the diagnosis of acute mTBI, and then consider recording modalities and hardware implementation of various sensing technologies used to assess physiological biomarkers that may be related to mTBI. Finally, we discuss the state of the art in machine learning-based detection of mTBI and consider how a more diverse list of quantitative physiological biomarker features may improve current data-driven approaches in providing mTBI patients timely diagnosis and treatment.
KW - Brain Concussion
KW - Brain Injuries
KW - Humans
KW - Machine Learning
KW - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW - Wearable Electronic Devices
KW - Mild traumatic brain injury
KW - Diagnostics
KW - Wearable technologies
KW - Machine learning
KW - Signal processing
KW - Multimodal data
KW - Physiological biomarkers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114322219&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85114322219&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1982
DO - 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1982
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34330120
SN - 1741-2560
VL - 18
JO - Journal of neural engineering
JF - Journal of neural engineering
IS - 4
M1 - 041006
ER -