TY - JOUR
T1 - Rate-dependent Ca2+ signalling underlying the force-frequency response in rat ventricular myocytes
T2 - A coupled electromechanical modeling study
AU - Krishna, Abhilash
AU - Valderrábano, Miguel
AU - Palade, Philip T.
AU - Clark, John W.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a research grant from Methodist Hospital Research Institute. The authors would like to thank Liang Sun for his early contributions to this work.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Background: Rate-dependent effects on the C a 2+ sub-system in a rat ventricular myocyte are investigated. Here, we employ a deterministic mathematical model describing various C a 2+ signalling pathways under voltage clamp (VC) conditions, to better understand the important role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating the key control variables C a 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII), calcineurin (CaN), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as they affect various intracellular targets. In particular, we study the frequency dependence of the peak force generated by the myofilaments, the force-frequency response (FFR). Methods. Our cell model incorporates frequency-dependent CaM-mediated spatially heterogenous interaction of CaMKII and CaN with their principal targets (dihydropyridine (DHPR) and ryanodine (RyR) receptors and the SERCA pump). It also accounts for the rate-dependent effects of phospholamban (PLB) on the SERCA pump; the rate-dependent role of cAMP in up-regulation of the L-type C a 2+ channel (I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§); and the enhancement in SERCA pump activity via phosphorylation of PLB. Results: Our model reproduces positive peak FFR observed in rat ventricular myocytes during voltage-clamp studies both in the presence/absence of cAMP mediated β-adrenergic stimulation. This study provides quantitative insight into the rate-dependence of C a 2+-induced C a 2+-release (CICR) by investigating the frequency-dependence of the trigger current (I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§) and RyR-release. It also highlights the relative role of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and the SERCA pump at higher frequencies, as well as the rate-dependence of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) C a 2+ content. A rigorous C a 2+ balance imposed on our investigation of these C a 2+ signalling pathways clarifies their individual roles. Here, we present a coupled electromechanical study emphasizing the rate-dependence of isometric force developed and also investigate the temperature-dependence of FFR. Conclusions: Our model provides mechanistic biophysically based explanations for the rate-dependence of CICR, generating useful and testable hypotheses. Although rat ventricular myocytes exhibit a positive peak FFR in the presence/absence of beta-adrenergic stimulation, they show a characteristic increase in the positive slope in FFR due to the presence of Norepinephrine or Isoproterenol. Our study identifies cAMP-mediated stimulation, and rate-dependent CaMKII-mediated up-regulation of I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§ as the key mechanisms underlying the aforementioned positive FFR.
AB - Background: Rate-dependent effects on the C a 2+ sub-system in a rat ventricular myocyte are investigated. Here, we employ a deterministic mathematical model describing various C a 2+ signalling pathways under voltage clamp (VC) conditions, to better understand the important role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating the key control variables C a 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII), calcineurin (CaN), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as they affect various intracellular targets. In particular, we study the frequency dependence of the peak force generated by the myofilaments, the force-frequency response (FFR). Methods. Our cell model incorporates frequency-dependent CaM-mediated spatially heterogenous interaction of CaMKII and CaN with their principal targets (dihydropyridine (DHPR) and ryanodine (RyR) receptors and the SERCA pump). It also accounts for the rate-dependent effects of phospholamban (PLB) on the SERCA pump; the rate-dependent role of cAMP in up-regulation of the L-type C a 2+ channel (I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§); and the enhancement in SERCA pump activity via phosphorylation of PLB. Results: Our model reproduces positive peak FFR observed in rat ventricular myocytes during voltage-clamp studies both in the presence/absence of cAMP mediated β-adrenergic stimulation. This study provides quantitative insight into the rate-dependence of C a 2+-induced C a 2+-release (CICR) by investigating the frequency-dependence of the trigger current (I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§) and RyR-release. It also highlights the relative role of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and the SERCA pump at higher frequencies, as well as the rate-dependence of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) C a 2+ content. A rigorous C a 2+ balance imposed on our investigation of these C a 2+ signalling pathways clarifies their individual roles. Here, we present a coupled electromechanical study emphasizing the rate-dependence of isometric force developed and also investigate the temperature-dependence of FFR. Conclusions: Our model provides mechanistic biophysically based explanations for the rate-dependence of CICR, generating useful and testable hypotheses. Although rat ventricular myocytes exhibit a positive peak FFR in the presence/absence of beta-adrenergic stimulation, they show a characteristic increase in the positive slope in FFR due to the presence of Norepinephrine or Isoproterenol. Our study identifies cAMP-mediated stimulation, and rate-dependent CaMKII-mediated up-regulation of I §ssub§ C a,L §esub§ as the key mechanisms underlying the aforementioned positive FFR.
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U2 - 10.1186/1742-4682-10-54
DO - 10.1186/1742-4682-10-54
M3 - Article
C2 - 24020888
AN - SCOPUS:84883714021
SN - 1742-4682
VL - 10
JO - Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling
JF - Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling
IS - 1
M1 - 54
ER -