TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial Disparities in Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes by Maternal Nativity and Length of US Residence in an Urban Low-Income Population in the United States
AU - Shah, Lochan M.
AU - Kwapong, Yaa A.
AU - Boakye, Ellen
AU - Ogunwole, S. Michelle
AU - Bennett, Wendy L.
AU - Blumenthal, Roger S.
AU - Hays, Allison G.
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
AU - Nasir, Khurram
AU - Zakaria, Sammy
AU - Wang, Guoying
AU - Wang, Xiaobin
AU - Sharma, Garima
N1 - Funding Information:
The Boston Birth Cohort (the parent study) is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (2R01HD041702, R01HD086013, R01HD098232, R01 ES031272, and R01ES031521); and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS; UJ2MC31074). Dr Sharma is funded by the Blumenthal Scholarship in Preventive Cardiology at the Ciccarone Center. Disclaimer: This information or content and conclusions are those of the authors and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by, the HRSA, HHS, or the US Government. The funding agencies had no involvement in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Funding Information:
The Boston Birth Cohort (the parent study) is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (2R01HD041702, R01HD086013, R01HD098232, R01 ES031272, and R01ES031521); and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS; UJ2MC31074). Dr Sharma is funded by the Blumenthal Scholarship in Preventive Cardiology at the Ciccarone Center. Disclaimer: This information or content and conclusions are those of the authors and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by, the HRSA, HHS, or the US Government. The funding agencies had no involvement in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Racial/ethnic differences in GDM prevalence have been described, but disparities by nativity and duration of US residence are not well studied.METHODS: We analyzed data from 6088 women (mean age: 27.5 years [standard deviation: 6.3 years]) from the Boston Birth Cohort who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB; n = 2697), Hispanic (n = 2395), or non-Hispanic White (NHW; n = 996). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the cross-sectional association of nativity and duration of US residence (< 10 vs ≥ 10 years) with GDM within each race/ethnicity group.RESULTS: Foreign-born NHB, NHW, and Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had a lower prevalence of CVD risk factors than those with US residence of ≥ 10 years, respectively, as follows: smoking (NHB: 1.7% vs 3.1%; NHW: 5.7% vs 8.1%; Hispanic: 0.4% vs 2.6%); obesity (NHB: 17.1% vs 23.4%; NHW: 3.8% vs 15.6%; Hispanic: 10.9% vs 22.7%); and severe stress (NHB: 8.7% vs 11.9%; NHW: 5.7% vs 28.1%; Hispanic: 3.8% vs 7.3%). In analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors, foreign-born NHB women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had higher odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-2.60), compared with their US-born counterparts, whereas foreign-born Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had lower odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.91). The odds of having GDM in Hispanic and NHB women with a duration of US residence of ≥ 10 years were not significantly different from those of their US-born counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The "healthy immigrant effect" and its waning with longer duration of US residence apply to the prevalence of GDM among Hispanic women but not NHB women. Further research on the intersectionality of race and nativity-based disparities is needed.
AB - BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Racial/ethnic differences in GDM prevalence have been described, but disparities by nativity and duration of US residence are not well studied.METHODS: We analyzed data from 6088 women (mean age: 27.5 years [standard deviation: 6.3 years]) from the Boston Birth Cohort who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB; n = 2697), Hispanic (n = 2395), or non-Hispanic White (NHW; n = 996). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the cross-sectional association of nativity and duration of US residence (< 10 vs ≥ 10 years) with GDM within each race/ethnicity group.RESULTS: Foreign-born NHB, NHW, and Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had a lower prevalence of CVD risk factors than those with US residence of ≥ 10 years, respectively, as follows: smoking (NHB: 1.7% vs 3.1%; NHW: 5.7% vs 8.1%; Hispanic: 0.4% vs 2.6%); obesity (NHB: 17.1% vs 23.4%; NHW: 3.8% vs 15.6%; Hispanic: 10.9% vs 22.7%); and severe stress (NHB: 8.7% vs 11.9%; NHW: 5.7% vs 28.1%; Hispanic: 3.8% vs 7.3%). In analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors, foreign-born NHB women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had higher odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-2.60), compared with their US-born counterparts, whereas foreign-born Hispanic women with a duration of US residence of < 10 years had lower odds of having GDM (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.91). The odds of having GDM in Hispanic and NHB women with a duration of US residence of ≥ 10 years were not significantly different from those of their US-born counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The "healthy immigrant effect" and its waning with longer duration of US residence apply to the prevalence of GDM among Hispanic women but not NHB women. Further research on the intersectionality of race and nativity-based disparities is needed.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.02.008
DO - 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.02.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 35734520
AN - SCOPUS:85130431437
SN - 2589-790X
VL - 4
SP - 540
EP - 550
JO - CJC Open
JF - CJC Open
IS - 6
ER -