TY - JOUR
T1 - Promises and Perils of Artificial Intelligence in Neurosurgery
AU - Panesar, Sandip S.
AU - Kliot, Michel
AU - Parrish, Rob
AU - Fernandez-Miranda, Juan
AU - Cagle, Yvonne
AU - Britz, Gavin W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-facilitated clinical automation is expected to become increasingly prevalent in the near future. AI techniques may permit rapid and detailed analysis of the large quantities of clinical data generated in modern healthcare settings, at a level that is otherwise impossible by humans. Subsequently, AI may enhance clinical practice by pushing the limits of diagnostics, clinical decision making, and prognostication. Moreover, if combined with surgical robotics and other surgical adjuncts such as image guidance, AI may find its way into the operating room and permit more accurate interventions, with fewer errors. Despite the considerable hype surrounding the impending medical AI revolution, little has been written about potential downsides to increasing clinical automation. These may include both direct and indirect consequences. Directly, faulty, inadequately trained, or poorly understood algorithms may produce erroneous results, which may have wide-scale impact. Indirectly, increasing use of automation may exacerbate de-skilling of human physicians due to over-reliance, poor understanding, overconfidence, and lack of necessary vigilance of an automated clinical workflow. Many of these negative phenomena have already been witnessed in other industries that have already undergone, or are undergoing "automation revolutions," namely commercial aviation and the automotive industry. This narrative review explores the potential benefits and consequences of the anticipated medical AI revolution from a neurosurgical perspective.
AB - Artificial intelligence (AI)-facilitated clinical automation is expected to become increasingly prevalent in the near future. AI techniques may permit rapid and detailed analysis of the large quantities of clinical data generated in modern healthcare settings, at a level that is otherwise impossible by humans. Subsequently, AI may enhance clinical practice by pushing the limits of diagnostics, clinical decision making, and prognostication. Moreover, if combined with surgical robotics and other surgical adjuncts such as image guidance, AI may find its way into the operating room and permit more accurate interventions, with fewer errors. Despite the considerable hype surrounding the impending medical AI revolution, little has been written about potential downsides to increasing clinical automation. These may include both direct and indirect consequences. Directly, faulty, inadequately trained, or poorly understood algorithms may produce erroneous results, which may have wide-scale impact. Indirectly, increasing use of automation may exacerbate de-skilling of human physicians due to over-reliance, poor understanding, overconfidence, and lack of necessary vigilance of an automated clinical workflow. Many of these negative phenomena have already been witnessed in other industries that have already undergone, or are undergoing "automation revolutions," namely commercial aviation and the automotive industry. This narrative review explores the potential benefits and consequences of the anticipated medical AI revolution from a neurosurgical perspective.
KW - Artificial intelligence
KW - Automation
KW - Deep learning
KW - Diagnostics
KW - Machine learning
KW - Prognostication
KW - Surgical adjuncts
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U2 - 10.1093/neuros/nyz471
DO - 10.1093/neuros/nyz471
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31748800
AN - SCOPUS:85086495945
VL - 87
SP - 33
EP - 44
JO - Neurosurgery.
JF - Neurosurgery.
SN - 0148-396X
IS - 1
ER -