TY - JOUR
T1 - Progress on early diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease
AU - Chen, Yixin
AU - Al-Nusaif, Murad
AU - Li, Song
AU - Tan, Xiang
AU - Yang, Huijia
AU - Cai, Huaibin
AU - Le, Weidong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Higher Education Press 2024.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions. The disease follows a continuum, starting with preclinical stages, progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment, ultimately leading to dementia. Early detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective treatment. However, the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive, and mostly are still not able to detect early disease state. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of AD. Various non-cognitive manifestations, including behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbances, sensory dysfunctions, and physical changes, have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive decline. Recent research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of AD. This review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD, specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the disease. Furthermore, it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.
AB - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions. The disease follows a continuum, starting with preclinical stages, progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment, ultimately leading to dementia. Early detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective treatment. However, the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive, and mostly are still not able to detect early disease state. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of AD. Various non-cognitive manifestations, including behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbances, sensory dysfunctions, and physical changes, have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive decline. Recent research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of AD. This review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD, specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the disease. Furthermore, it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.
KW - Alzheimer’s disease
KW - biomarkers
KW - early diagnosis
KW - non-cognitive symptoms
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U2 - 10.1007/s11684-023-1047-1
DO - 10.1007/s11684-023-1047-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38769282
AN - SCOPUS:85193471610
SN - 2095-0217
VL - 18
SP - 446
EP - 464
JO - Frontiers of Medicine
JF - Frontiers of Medicine
IS - 3
ER -