Progress on early diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease

Yixin Chen, Murad Al-Nusaif, Song Li, Xiang Tan, Huijia Yang, Huaibin Cai, Weidong Le

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions. The disease follows a continuum, starting with preclinical stages, progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment, ultimately leading to dementia. Early detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective treatment. However, the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive, and mostly are still not able to detect early disease state. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of AD. Various non-cognitive manifestations, including behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbances, sensory dysfunctions, and physical changes, have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive decline. Recent research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of AD. This review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD, specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the disease. Furthermore, it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)446-464
Number of pages19
JournalFrontiers of Medicine
Volume18
Issue number3
Early online dateMay 21 2024
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2024

Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • biomarkers
  • early diagnosis
  • non-cognitive symptoms

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine(all)

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