Prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric bloodstream infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Myrto Eleni Flokas, Styliani Karanika, Michail Alevizakos, Eleftherios Mylonakis

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51 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are associated with worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of and the mortality associated with ESBL-PE in this patient population. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed and EMBASE and included studies reporting the prevalence of ESBL-PE among confirmed BSIs in patients <19 years old. Results: Twenty three (out of 1,718 non-duplicate reports) studies that provided data on 3,381 pediatric BSIs from 1996 to 2013 were included. The prevalence of ESBL-PE was 9% [95%CI (6, 13)] with an annual increase of 3.2% (P = 0.04). The prevalence was 11% [95%CI (6, 17)] among neonates, compared to 5% [95%CI (0, 14)] among children older than 28 days. The pooled prevalence was 15% in Africa [95%CI (8, 23)], 12% in South America [95%CI (5, 23)], 11% in India [95%CI (7, 17)], 7% in the rest of Asia [95%CI (0, 22)], 4% in Europe [95%CI (1, 7)] and 0% in Oceania [95%CI (0, 3)]. Importantly, the mortality in neonates with BSI due to ESBL-PE was 36% [95%CI (22, 51)], compared to 18% [95%CI (15, 22)] among all other neonates with BSI and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusions: In the pediatric population, the prevalence of BSI due to ESBL-PE is significant and is associated with increased mortality in neonates. Further studies are warranted to establish a high-risk group and the evaluation of preventive measures, such as antibiotic stewardship programs and infection control measures, in this population is urgently needed.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere0171216
JournalPLoS ONE
Volume12
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2017

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
  • Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
  • General

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