@article{03ab43e810714d3792a7eef8ea3256bf,
title = "Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) temporarily reduces food cravings and increases the self-reported ability to resist food in adults with frequent food craving",
abstract = "This study examined whether a 20-min session of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (anode over the right prefrontal cortex and cathode over the left prefrontal cortex) would reduce food cravings and increase the self-reported ability to resist foods in 19 healthy individuals who reported frequent food cravings. Participants viewed computerized images of food and used computerized visual analogue scales to rate food cravings and inability to resist foods before, during, and after receiving either real or sham tDCS. This study employed a randomized within-subject crossover design; participants received both real and sham tDCS and were blind to the condition. Food cravings ratings were reduced in both conditions, however, the percent change in cravings ratings from pre- to post-stimulation was significantly greater for real stimulation than for sham. The percent change in inability to resist food from pre- to post-stimulation also showed a greater decrease in the real condition than for sham. Post hoc analyses suggest that active prefrontal tDCS acutely and significantly decreased food cravings ratings for sweet foods and carbohydrates more so than sham tDCS. No significant differences were seen in the amount of food ingested between real and sham tDCS. These findings in healthy subjects indicate that tDCS is able to temporarily reduce food cravings and improve the self-reported ability to resist foods.",
keywords = "Binge eating, Brain stimulation, Food cravings, Obesity, TDCS, Transcranial direct current stimulation",
author = "Goldman, {Rachel L.} and Borckardt, {Jeffrey J.} and Frohman, {Heather A.} and O'Neil, {Patrick M.} and Alok Madan and Campbell, {Laura K.} and Amanda Budak and George, {Mark S.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Goldman receives research funding from Covidien through the Obesity Society. Dr. Borckardt receives research funding from the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke at NIH, Cyberonics Inc., the Neurosciences Institute at MUSC, the National Institute for Nursing Research, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Covidien through the Obesity Society. Dr. Borckardt is also Consultant for TIF Management, LLC. Dr. O{\textquoteright}Neil receives research funding from Arena Pharmaceuticals, Merck Inc., Orexigen Therapeutics and Weight Watchers International, and currently or recently has served as a consultant for Orexigen Therapeutics, Merck Inc., and Vivus. Dr. Madan receives research funding from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Covidien through the Obesity Society, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Center for Health Disparities Research at MUSC, NIH/NINR, and Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. George reports research grants in the past 5 years from Glaxo-Smith Kline, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Brainsway, Cephos, and Force Protection as well as the NIH and DOD. He has been an unpaid advisor to Brainsonix, Brainsway, Neuronetics, Neostim and Neosync (as they make products related to TMS), and a paid advisor to Jazz, Cyberonics, Neuropace, and Puretech ventures. The full amount of his advisory income has never been more than 10% of his university salary. MUSC has 2 patent applications in Dr. George's name on combining TMS with MRI. He has no equity investment in any device or pharmaceutical company. ",
year = "2011",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.013",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "56",
pages = "741--746",
journal = "Appetite",
issn = "0195-6663",
publisher = "Academic Press",
number = "3",
}