Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Macroadenoma

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is manifested by a reversible neurologic deficit such as vision loss, encephalopathy, and a posterior location, typically the occipital lobes. It is commonly thought to be related to acute, severe hypertension. Case Description: A 51-year-old woman presented with visual loss for several months, and a suprasellar mass was diagnosed. She underwent transsphenoidal surgery, which was complicated by cerebrospinal fluid leak, and she developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome while undergoing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage via lumbar catheter. Her visual acuity progressed to blindness, but blindness was reversed by discontinuation of lumbar drainage, tight blood pressure control, and high-dose steroid drip. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is only the second case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following transsphenoidal surgery to be reported in the neurosurgical or ophthalmic English language literature.