TY - JOUR
T1 - Peripheral inflammation during abnormal mood states in bipolar I disorder
AU - Fiedorowicz, Jess G
AU - Prossin, Alan R
AU - Johnson, Casey P
AU - Christensen, Gary E
AU - Magnotta, Vincent A
AU - Wemmie, John A
N1 - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/11/15
Y1 - 2015/11/15
N2 - BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder carries a substantive morbidity and mortality burden, particularly related to cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in peripheral inflammatory markers, which have been commonly reported in case-control studies, potentially link these co-morbidities. However, it is not clear whether inflammatory markers change episodically in response to mood states or are indicative of chronic pro-inflammatory activity, regardless of mood, in bipolar disorder.METHODS: Investigations focused on comparing concentrations of specific inflammatory cytokines associated with immune activation status (primary outcome=tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in 37 participants with bipolar disorder across 3 mood states (mania N=15, depression N=9, normal mood N=13) and 29 controls without a psychiatric disorder (total N=66). Cytokine levels were also compared to T1ρ, a potential neuroimaging marker for inflammation, in select brain regions in a subsample (N=39).RESULTS: Participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls did not differ significantly in inflammatory cytokine concentrations. However, compared to cases with normal mood, cases with abnormal mood states (mania and depression) had significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, its soluble receptors (sTNFR1/sTNFR2), other macrophage-derived cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18) in addition to IL-4, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, fibroblast growth factor β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine levels were not correlated with signals from T1ρ imaging in selected structures (amygdalae, hippocampi, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus).LIMITATIONS: Participants were not followed prospectively across mood states.CONCLUSION: Activation of inflammatory markers was found in abnormal mood states of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal study of individuals with mood disorders is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the time course of any such changes.
AB - BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder carries a substantive morbidity and mortality burden, particularly related to cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in peripheral inflammatory markers, which have been commonly reported in case-control studies, potentially link these co-morbidities. However, it is not clear whether inflammatory markers change episodically in response to mood states or are indicative of chronic pro-inflammatory activity, regardless of mood, in bipolar disorder.METHODS: Investigations focused on comparing concentrations of specific inflammatory cytokines associated with immune activation status (primary outcome=tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in 37 participants with bipolar disorder across 3 mood states (mania N=15, depression N=9, normal mood N=13) and 29 controls without a psychiatric disorder (total N=66). Cytokine levels were also compared to T1ρ, a potential neuroimaging marker for inflammation, in select brain regions in a subsample (N=39).RESULTS: Participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls did not differ significantly in inflammatory cytokine concentrations. However, compared to cases with normal mood, cases with abnormal mood states (mania and depression) had significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, its soluble receptors (sTNFR1/sTNFR2), other macrophage-derived cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18) in addition to IL-4, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, fibroblast growth factor β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine levels were not correlated with signals from T1ρ imaging in selected structures (amygdalae, hippocampi, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus).LIMITATIONS: Participants were not followed prospectively across mood states.CONCLUSION: Activation of inflammatory markers was found in abnormal mood states of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal study of individuals with mood disorders is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the time course of any such changes.
KW - Adult
KW - Affect
KW - Bipolar Disorder
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Cytokines
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Inflammation Mediators
KW - Interleukin-10
KW - Interleukin-6
KW - Interleukin-8
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
KW - Reference Values
KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
KW - Comparative Study
KW - Journal Article
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84940648356
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84940648356&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.036
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.036
M3 - Article
C2 - 26339927
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 187
SP - 172
EP - 178
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
ER -