TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in X-games skiers and snowboarders
AU - Erickson, Brandon J.
AU - Harris, Joshua D.
AU - Fillingham, Yale A.
AU - Cvetanovich, Greg L.
AU - Bhatia, Sanjeev
AU - Bach, Bernard R.
AU - Bush-Joseph, Charles A.
AU - Cole, Brian J.
N1 - Funding Information:
One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: C.B.J. is on the editorial board for the American Journal of Sports Medicine. B.R.B. receives research funding from Arthrex Inc, CONMED Linvatec, DJ Orthopaedics, Ossur, Smith & Nephew, and Tornier; receives royalties from SLACK Inc; and is on the editorial board of Orthopaedics Today and a member of the Medical Publishing Group of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. B.J.C. is a consultant for Zimmer, Arthrex, Carticept, Biomimetic, Allosource, and DePuy; receives speaking fees from Genzyme; receives royalties from Arthrex, DJO, and Elsevier; receives research funding from Regentix, Arthrex, Smith & Nephew, DJO, Zimmer, DePuy, and Johnson & Johnson; and is on boards of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Cartilage, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, American Journal of Orthopedics, international and educational committees for Arthroscopy Association of North America, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2013.
PY - 2013/11/1
Y1 - 2013/11/1
N2 - Background: Skiing and snowboarding have become increasingly popular since the inception of the winter X-Games in 1997. Purpose: To determine (1) rate of return to sport (RTS) to the winter X-Games following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and (2) performance upon RTS following ACL reconstruction. Hypotheses: There is a high rate of RTS to the winter X-Games in subjects undergoing ACL reconstruction. There is no difference in performance upon RTS following ACL reconstruction versus preinjury. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Skiers and snowboarders competing in the winter X-Games who tore their ACL and underwent ACL reconstruction between 1997 and 2012 were evaluated. Athlete data were extracted from winter X-Games media websites, ESPN, injury reports, player profiles/biographies, and press releases. All athlete, knee, and surgical demographic data were analyzed. RTS and performance as it related to the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals won both pre-and postoperatively in the X-Games were analyzed. Results: Fifteen skiers (19 knees) and 10 snowboarders (10 knees) were analyzed. There were 13 males and 12 females, with a mean subject age of 22.6 ± 4.45 years. The rate of RTS in the X-Games following ACL reconstruction was 80% overall (20/25 subjects). The rate of RTS in winter X-Games following ACL reconstruction in skiers was 87% (13/15 subjects) and in snowboarders was 70% (7/10 subjects). The rate of RTS in winter X-Games following ACL reconstruction in males and females was 85% (11/13 subjects) and 75% (9/12 subjects), respectively. The rate of revision ACL reconstruction due to ACL tear following primary ACL reconstruction was 4% (1/25 subjects). There were more left-than right-sided tears (18 vs 11). Skiers and snowboarders competed in the X-Games for 3.84 ± 2.73 and 3.40 ± 2.84 years prior to ACL reconstruction and 2.56 ± 2.06 and 7.29 ± 3.30 years after ACL reconstruction, respectively. Skiers earned 22 medals prior to ACL reconstruction (9 gold, 5 silver, 8 bronze) and 24 medals after ACL reconstruction (16 gold, 2 silver, 6 bronze). Snowboarders earned 7medals prior to ACL reconstruction (4 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze) and 19 medals after ACL reconstruction (7 gold, 7 silver, 5 bronze). Conclusion: Winter X-Games skiers and snowboarders have a high rate of RTS after ACL reconstruction. Skiers earned a similar number of medals preinjury and postsurgery, while snowboarders earned more medals following surgery.
AB - Background: Skiing and snowboarding have become increasingly popular since the inception of the winter X-Games in 1997. Purpose: To determine (1) rate of return to sport (RTS) to the winter X-Games following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and (2) performance upon RTS following ACL reconstruction. Hypotheses: There is a high rate of RTS to the winter X-Games in subjects undergoing ACL reconstruction. There is no difference in performance upon RTS following ACL reconstruction versus preinjury. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Skiers and snowboarders competing in the winter X-Games who tore their ACL and underwent ACL reconstruction between 1997 and 2012 were evaluated. Athlete data were extracted from winter X-Games media websites, ESPN, injury reports, player profiles/biographies, and press releases. All athlete, knee, and surgical demographic data were analyzed. RTS and performance as it related to the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals won both pre-and postoperatively in the X-Games were analyzed. Results: Fifteen skiers (19 knees) and 10 snowboarders (10 knees) were analyzed. There were 13 males and 12 females, with a mean subject age of 22.6 ± 4.45 years. The rate of RTS in the X-Games following ACL reconstruction was 80% overall (20/25 subjects). The rate of RTS in winter X-Games following ACL reconstruction in skiers was 87% (13/15 subjects) and in snowboarders was 70% (7/10 subjects). The rate of RTS in winter X-Games following ACL reconstruction in males and females was 85% (11/13 subjects) and 75% (9/12 subjects), respectively. The rate of revision ACL reconstruction due to ACL tear following primary ACL reconstruction was 4% (1/25 subjects). There were more left-than right-sided tears (18 vs 11). Skiers and snowboarders competed in the X-Games for 3.84 ± 2.73 and 3.40 ± 2.84 years prior to ACL reconstruction and 2.56 ± 2.06 and 7.29 ± 3.30 years after ACL reconstruction, respectively. Skiers earned 22 medals prior to ACL reconstruction (9 gold, 5 silver, 8 bronze) and 24 medals after ACL reconstruction (16 gold, 2 silver, 6 bronze). Snowboarders earned 7medals prior to ACL reconstruction (4 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze) and 19 medals after ACL reconstruction (7 gold, 7 silver, 5 bronze). Conclusion: Winter X-Games skiers and snowboarders have a high rate of RTS after ACL reconstruction. Skiers earned a similar number of medals preinjury and postsurgery, while snowboarders earned more medals following surgery.
KW - Anterior cruciate ligament
KW - Knee injury
KW - Return to sport
KW - Skiing
KW - Snowboarding
KW - X-Games
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U2 - 10.1177/2325967113511196
DO - 10.1177/2325967113511196
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85006208771
VL - 1
JO - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
SN - 2325-9671
IS - 6
ER -