Orbital presentations of giant cell arteritis

Background: giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that may affect the optic nerve and cause blindness (e.g. ischemic optic neuropathy). Orbital inflammatory disease, however, is an uncommon presentation of GCA. Purpose: to alert clinicians to the orbital presentations of GCA. Patients and methods: a retrospective case series from tertiary care academic ophthalmic referral centers of four patients with orbital manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Results: presentation of cases and review of the literature. In three cases, a temporal artery biopsy was diagnostic of GCA, but in one case, an orbital biopsy was needed to confirm the diagnosis Conclusion: GCA can have orbital manifestations and clinicians should be aware of this unusual presentation of GCA in cases of presumed orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in the elderly.