TY - JOUR
T1 - OCT Risk Factors for Development of Atrophy in Eyes with Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration
AU - Hirabayashi, Kazutaka
AU - Yu, Hannah J.
AU - Wakatsuki, Yu
AU - Marion, Kenneth M.
AU - Wykoff, Charles C.
AU - Sadda, Srinivas R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Academy of Ophthalmology
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Purpose: To determine the frequency of multiple OCT biomarkers of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) and their relationship with the development of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) after 2 years. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: This retrospective analysis included 330 eyes of 330 consecutive patients with iAMD in ≥ 1 eye who had 24 months of follow-up data. Methods: Spectralis OCT volume scans (49 B-scans over 6 × 6 mm, automatic real time = 6, fovea-centered) at baseline were evaluated for the previously described iAMD biomarkers, including a high-central drusen volume (DV; ≥ 0.03 mm3), intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF), subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), hypo-reflective drusen cores (hDCs), and a thin or thick (multilayered) double-layer sign (DLS). The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) status in the fellow eye was also assessed and classified as normal or early AMD, iAMD, exudative macular neovascularization, or cRORA. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of cRORA, odds ratio for demographics, and OCT features. Results: At month 24, 16.36% (54/330) of the iAMD eyes developed cRORA. Several baseline features, including high-central DV, IHRF, SDD, hDC, thin DLS, and cRORA in the fellow eye, were associated with a significantly greater risk for development of cRORA at 2 years. The odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P value, and baseline frequencies of these biomarkers were DV (6.510, 2.467–17.176, P < 0.001, 49.1%), IHRF (12.763, 4.763–34.202, P < 0.001, 38.8%), SDD (2.307, 1.003–5.304, P = 0.049, 34.2%), hDC (3.012, 1.152–7.873, P = 0.024, 13.0%), thin DLS (4.517, 1.555–13.126, P = 0.006, 11.8%), and cRORA in the fellow eye (7.184, 1.938–26.623, P = 0.003, 8.2%). Conclusions: In addition to the 4 previously reported factors that are present in a significant proportion of iAMD (DV, IHRF, hDC, and SDD), a thin DLS and cRORA in the fellow eye were associated with an increased risk of progression to cRORA over 2 years. These biomarkers may aid in prognostication, risk stratification, and selection of patients for clinical trials. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
AB - Purpose: To determine the frequency of multiple OCT biomarkers of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) and their relationship with the development of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) after 2 years. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: This retrospective analysis included 330 eyes of 330 consecutive patients with iAMD in ≥ 1 eye who had 24 months of follow-up data. Methods: Spectralis OCT volume scans (49 B-scans over 6 × 6 mm, automatic real time = 6, fovea-centered) at baseline were evaluated for the previously described iAMD biomarkers, including a high-central drusen volume (DV; ≥ 0.03 mm3), intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF), subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), hypo-reflective drusen cores (hDCs), and a thin or thick (multilayered) double-layer sign (DLS). The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) status in the fellow eye was also assessed and classified as normal or early AMD, iAMD, exudative macular neovascularization, or cRORA. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of cRORA, odds ratio for demographics, and OCT features. Results: At month 24, 16.36% (54/330) of the iAMD eyes developed cRORA. Several baseline features, including high-central DV, IHRF, SDD, hDC, thin DLS, and cRORA in the fellow eye, were associated with a significantly greater risk for development of cRORA at 2 years. The odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P value, and baseline frequencies of these biomarkers were DV (6.510, 2.467–17.176, P < 0.001, 49.1%), IHRF (12.763, 4.763–34.202, P < 0.001, 38.8%), SDD (2.307, 1.003–5.304, P = 0.049, 34.2%), hDC (3.012, 1.152–7.873, P = 0.024, 13.0%), thin DLS (4.517, 1.555–13.126, P = 0.006, 11.8%), and cRORA in the fellow eye (7.184, 1.938–26.623, P = 0.003, 8.2%). Conclusions: In addition to the 4 previously reported factors that are present in a significant proportion of iAMD (DV, IHRF, hDC, and SDD), a thin DLS and cRORA in the fellow eye were associated with an increased risk of progression to cRORA over 2 years. These biomarkers may aid in prognostication, risk stratification, and selection of patients for clinical trials. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
KW - Age-related macular degeneration
KW - Double-layer sign
KW - Hypo-reflective drusen cores
KW - Intraretinal hyper-reflective foci
KW - Subretinal drusenoid deposit
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143493599&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85143493599&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.oret.2022.09.007
DO - 10.1016/j.oret.2022.09.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 36208726
AN - SCOPUS:85143493599
VL - 7
SP - 253
EP - 260
JO - Ophthalmology Retina
JF - Ophthalmology Retina
SN - 2468-6530
IS - 3
ER -