TY - JOUR
T1 - Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 deficiency enhances neointimal formation in response to vascular injury
AU - Kwon, Min Young
AU - Liu, Xiaoli
AU - Lee, Seon Jin
AU - Kang, Young Ho
AU - Choi, Augustine M.K.
AU - Lee, Ki Up
AU - Perrella, Mark A.
AU - Chung, Su Wol
PY - 2011/11
Y1 - 2011/11
N2 - Objective-: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) stimulates diverse inflammatory responses resulting in differential cellular phenotypes. To identify the role of NOD2 in vascular arterial obstructive diseases, we investigated the expression and pathophysiological role of NOD2 in a vascular injury model of neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results-: We first analyzed for neointimal hyperplasia following femoral artery injury in NOD2 +/+ and NOD2 -/- mice. NOD2 -/- mice showed a 2.86-fold increase in neointimal formation that was mainly composed of smooth muscle (SM) α-actin positive cells. NOD2 was expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and NOD2 -/- VSMCs showed increased cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), or fetal bovine serum, compared with NOD2 +/+ VSMCs. Furthermore, NOD2 deficiency markedly promoted VSMCs migration in response to PDGF-BB, and this increased cell migration was attenuated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. However, protein kinase C and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors exerted negligible effects. Moreover, muramyl dipeptide-stimulated NOD2 prevented PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs migration. Conclusion-: Functional NOD2 was found to be expressed in VSMCs, and NOD2 deficiency promoted VSMCs proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation after vascular injury. These results provide evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in vascular homeostasis and tissue injury, serving as a potential molecular target in the modulation of arteriosclerotic vascular disease.
AB - Objective-: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) stimulates diverse inflammatory responses resulting in differential cellular phenotypes. To identify the role of NOD2 in vascular arterial obstructive diseases, we investigated the expression and pathophysiological role of NOD2 in a vascular injury model of neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results-: We first analyzed for neointimal hyperplasia following femoral artery injury in NOD2 +/+ and NOD2 -/- mice. NOD2 -/- mice showed a 2.86-fold increase in neointimal formation that was mainly composed of smooth muscle (SM) α-actin positive cells. NOD2 was expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and NOD2 -/- VSMCs showed increased cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), or fetal bovine serum, compared with NOD2 +/+ VSMCs. Furthermore, NOD2 deficiency markedly promoted VSMCs migration in response to PDGF-BB, and this increased cell migration was attenuated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. However, protein kinase C and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors exerted negligible effects. Moreover, muramyl dipeptide-stimulated NOD2 prevented PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs migration. Conclusion-: Functional NOD2 was found to be expressed in VSMCs, and NOD2 deficiency promoted VSMCs proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation after vascular injury. These results provide evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in vascular homeostasis and tissue injury, serving as a potential molecular target in the modulation of arteriosclerotic vascular disease.
KW - nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2
KW - restenosis
KW - smooth muscle cells
KW - vascular biology
KW - vascular injury
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U2 - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.235135
DO - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.235135
M3 - Article
C2 - 21903945
AN - SCOPUS:80054906775
SN - 1079-5642
VL - 31
SP - 2441
EP - 2447
JO - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
JF - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
IS - 11
ER -