TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroendocrine tumors of genitourinary tract
T2 - Recent advances
AU - Shehabeldin, Ahmed N.
AU - Ro, J. Y.
N1 - Funding Information:
Primary testicular carcinoid tumors represent <1% of all testicular tumors. The clinical presentation is commonly a testicular mass or swelling in middle-aged men with absence of pain or symptoms of carcinoid syndrome [ 82-84 ]. Testicular carcinoid tumors are postulated to arise from teratomas or other germ cell tumors of the testis. This notion is supported by the presence of a teratomatous component in up to 25% of the reported cases and by the multipotent nature of germ cells. Furthermore, shared genetic abnormalities, namely isochromosome 12p and 12p overrepresentation, have been demonstrated to exist in carcinoid tumors and in the background teratomas [ 85 , 86 ]. Also, there have been reported cases in which germ cell neoplasia in situ has been seen in testes with carcinoid tumor [ 15 ]. Extensive sampling of the tumor and the surrounding normal-appearing testicular parenchyma is encouraged to elucidate the presence of germ cell neoplasms or scars, denoting a regressed or burnt-out germ cell tumor, in cases of primary testicular carcinoids.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract are rare and are comprised of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These include paraganglioma, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors or carcinoid tumors, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Personal experiences, in addition to the findings of an extensive literature search for pertinent publications, were used to compile the epidemiological data, clinical information, histopathological features, prognostic factors, and therapeutic approaches. We also include molecular alterations and targeted treatments of the various neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract.
AB - Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract are rare and are comprised of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These include paraganglioma, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors or carcinoid tumors, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Personal experiences, in addition to the findings of an extensive literature search for pertinent publications, were used to compile the epidemiological data, clinical information, histopathological features, prognostic factors, and therapeutic approaches. We also include molecular alterations and targeted treatments of the various neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract.
KW - Carcinoid tumor
KW - Genitourinary neuroendocrine carcinoma
KW - Genitourinary neuroendocrine tumor
KW - Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
KW - Small-cell carcinoma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068753835&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85068753835&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.009
DO - 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.009
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31306859
AN - SCOPUS:85068753835
SN - 1092-9134
VL - 42
SP - 48
EP - 58
JO - Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
JF - Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
ER -