TY - JOUR
T1 - Nanofabrication for the analysis and manipulation of membranes
AU - Kelly, Christopher V.
AU - Craighead, Harold G.
N1 - Funding Information:
C.V.K. is supported by a NIH Kirschstein National Research Service Award postdoctoral fellowship (F32-GM092106). Barbara Baird and David Holowka are gratefully acknowledged for their frequent support and advice.
PY - 2012/6
Y1 - 2012/6
N2 - Recent advancements and applications of nanofabrication have enabled the characterization and control of biological membranes at submicron scales. This review focuses on the application of nanofabrication towards the nanoscale observing, patterning, sorting, and concentrating membrane components. Membranes on living cells are a necessary component of many fundamental cellular processes that naturally incorporate nanoscale rearrangement of the membrane lipids and proteins. Nanofabrication has advanced these understandings, for example, by providing 30 nm resolution of membrane proteins with metal-enhanced fluorescence at the tip of a scanning probe on fixed cells. Naturally diffusing single molecules at high concentrations on live cells have been observed at 60 nm resolution by confining the fluorescence excitation light through nanoscale metallic apertures. The lateral reorganization on the plasma membrane during membrane-mediated signaling processes has been examined in response to nanoscale variations in the patterning and mobility of the signal-triggering molecules. Further, membrane components have been separated, concentrated, and extracted through on-chip electrophoretic and microfluidic methods. Nanofabrication provides numerous methods for examining and manipulating membranes for both greater understandings of membrane processes as well as for the application of membranes to other biophysical methods.
AB - Recent advancements and applications of nanofabrication have enabled the characterization and control of biological membranes at submicron scales. This review focuses on the application of nanofabrication towards the nanoscale observing, patterning, sorting, and concentrating membrane components. Membranes on living cells are a necessary component of many fundamental cellular processes that naturally incorporate nanoscale rearrangement of the membrane lipids and proteins. Nanofabrication has advanced these understandings, for example, by providing 30 nm resolution of membrane proteins with metal-enhanced fluorescence at the tip of a scanning probe on fixed cells. Naturally diffusing single molecules at high concentrations on live cells have been observed at 60 nm resolution by confining the fluorescence excitation light through nanoscale metallic apertures. The lateral reorganization on the plasma membrane during membrane-mediated signaling processes has been examined in response to nanoscale variations in the patterning and mobility of the signal-triggering molecules. Further, membrane components have been separated, concentrated, and extracted through on-chip electrophoretic and microfluidic methods. Nanofabrication provides numerous methods for examining and manipulating membranes for both greater understandings of membrane processes as well as for the application of membranes to other biophysical methods.
KW - Concentrating
KW - Diffusion
KW - Electrophoresis
KW - Membrane dynamics
KW - Nanobiotechnology
KW - Near-field
KW - Patterning
KW - Plasmonics
KW - Sorting
KW - Supported lipid bilayer (SLB)
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84862148979&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10439-011-0479-y
DO - 10.1007/s10439-011-0479-y
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22143598
AN - SCOPUS:84862148979
SN - 0090-6964
VL - 40
SP - 1356
EP - 1366
JO - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
IS - 6
ER -