@article{8e324a9fa7f94bcba323ebe88ab284a9,
title = "Molybdenum derived from nanomaterials incorporates into molybdenum enzymes and affects their activities in vivo",
abstract = "Many nanoscale biomaterials fail to reach the clinical trial stage due to a poor understanding of the fundamental principles of their in vivo behaviour. Here we describe the transport, transformation and bioavailability of MoS2 nanomaterials through a combination of in vivo experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that after intravenous injection molybdenum is significantly enriched in liver sinusoid and splenic red pulp. This biodistribution is mediated by protein coronas that spontaneously form in the blood, principally with apolipoprotein E. The biotransformation of MoS2 leads to incorporation of molybdenum into molybdenum enzymes, which increases their specific activities in the liver, affecting its metabolism. Our findings reveal that nanomaterials undergo a protein corona-bridged transport–transformation–bioavailability chain in vivo, and suggest that nanomaterials consisting of essential trace elements may be converted into active biological molecules that organisms can exploit. Our results also indicate that the long-term biotransformation of nanomaterials may have an impact on liver metabolism.",
author = "Mingjing Cao and Rong Cai and Lina Zhao and Mengyu Guo and Liming Wang and Yucai Wang and Lili Zhang and Xiaofeng Wang and Haodong Yao and Chunyu Xie and Yalin Cong and Yong Guan and Xiayu Tao and Yaling Wang and Shaoxin Xu and Ying Liu and Yuliang Zhao and Chunying Chen",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0201600, 2020YFA0710700 and 2016YFE0133100), the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11621505), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971311, 2202780088), the Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2018YFE0117200), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB36000000), the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team, the Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences (GJHG1852), the Research and Development Project in Key Areas of Guangdong Province (2019B090917011) and the Users with Excellence Project of Hefei Science Center CAS (2018HSC-UE004). We greatly appreciate the support from beamlines BL-15U1A and BL-14W1 (SSRF), beamlines 1W1B and 4B7A (BSRF) and beamline BL07W at the Hefei Light Source of the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1038/s41565-021-00856-w",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "708--716",
journal = "Nature Nanotechnology",
issn = "1748-3387",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "6",
}