TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal deprivation increases microglial activation and neuroinflammatory markers in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of infant rats
AU - Giridharan, Vijayasree V.
AU - Réus, Gislaine Z.
AU - Selvaraj, Sudhakar
AU - Scaini, Giselli
AU - Barichello, Tatiana
AU - Quevedo, João
N1 - Funding Information:
The Translational Psychiatry Program (USA) is funded by the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) . The Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders (USA) is funded by the Pat Rutherford Jr. Chair in Psychiatry, John S. Dunn Foundation and Anne and Don Fizer Foundation Endowment for Depression Research. Translational Psychiatry Laboratory (Brazil) is one of the centers of the National Institute for Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM) and one of the members of the Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC). Its research is supported by grants from CNPq (JQ and GZR), FAPESC (JQ and GZR), Instituto Cérebro e Mente (JQ and GZR) and UNESC (JQ, GZR, and TB). JQ is a 1A CNPq Research Fellow.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - A relationship between neuroinflammation and the development of psychiatric disorder have been revealed by many studies in the past decade. Although studies have shown that stressors can induce long-term changes that may be related to behavioral responses, these alterations have been poorly studied soon after a stressor, such as maternal deprivation (MD). Thus, this study was designed to investigate the acute effect of experimental induction of MD on inflammatory and microglial activation markers in the brain of infant rats. Early MD was induced from postnatal day (PND) 1–10. On PND 10 the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus from MD and control groups were removed to investigate microglial activation and neuroinflammatory markers. In the PFC the expressions of cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11B), toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR-4 were increased in rats subjected to MD. The arginase expression was elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of maternally deprived rats. The cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5), −6, −7, −10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ) were increased in the PFC of MD rats group. In the PFC the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1α levels were reduced in MD rats group. In the hippocampus only the levels of TNF-α and INF-γ were elevated in infant rats subjected to MD. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and microglial activation, mainly in the PFC, could be involved with changes in the brain resident cells following MD, and these alterations could be associated to the development of psychiatric conditions late in life.
AB - A relationship between neuroinflammation and the development of psychiatric disorder have been revealed by many studies in the past decade. Although studies have shown that stressors can induce long-term changes that may be related to behavioral responses, these alterations have been poorly studied soon after a stressor, such as maternal deprivation (MD). Thus, this study was designed to investigate the acute effect of experimental induction of MD on inflammatory and microglial activation markers in the brain of infant rats. Early MD was induced from postnatal day (PND) 1–10. On PND 10 the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus from MD and control groups were removed to investigate microglial activation and neuroinflammatory markers. In the PFC the expressions of cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11B), toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR-4 were increased in rats subjected to MD. The arginase expression was elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of maternally deprived rats. The cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5), −6, −7, −10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ) were increased in the PFC of MD rats group. In the PFC the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1α levels were reduced in MD rats group. In the hippocampus only the levels of TNF-α and INF-γ were elevated in infant rats subjected to MD. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and microglial activation, mainly in the PFC, could be involved with changes in the brain resident cells following MD, and these alterations could be associated to the development of psychiatric conditions late in life.
KW - Major depressive disorder
KW - Maternal deprivation
KW - Microglial activation
KW - Neurodevelopment
KW - Neuroinflammation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 31082652
AN - SCOPUS:85065847985
VL - 115
SP - 13
EP - 20
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
SN - 0022-3956
ER -