Longer duration of HBV-active antiretroviral Therapy is linked to favorable virological outcome in HIV-HBV co-infected patients

Background: HBV-HIV co-infection is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality. Herein we analyzed HBV-related virologic and clinical outcomes in HBV-HIV patients in the HAART era. Methods: HBsAg positive HIV-infected patients followed at a US academic center between 1990 and 2008 were assessed in a retrospective and longitudinal study. Factors associated with HBsAg and/or HBeAg clearance and with advanced liver disease were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: 72 patients were evaluated. Their median time of follow-up and of adherence to HBV-active HAART were 3 and 1 years, respectively. HBeAg and HBsAg cleared in 17.6% and 5.5% of patients, respectively. More prolonged use of HBV-active HAART predicted clearance of HBeAg (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, 95% CI 1.15-6.16, p = .02) and of HBsAg (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02-2.31, p = .04). Patients clearing HBsAg tended to have higher baseline CD4 (mean CD4 counts: 550 vs. 246 cells/mm³; p = .06). Rate of diagnosis of liver-related complications and death were 24.6/1,000 and 10.5/1,000 patient-years, respectively. Higher ALT levels before HAART initiation were associated with the diagnosis of cirrhosis during follow-up (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.002-1.03, p = .02). Conclusions: Prolonged use of HBV-active HAART favors HBsAg and HBeAg clearance in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Those with higher ALT levels at presentation have higher risk of being diagnosed with cirrhosis during the first few years of follow-up.