TY - JOUR
T1 - Large scale variation in Enterococcus faecalis illustrated by the genome analysis of strain OG1RF
AU - Bourgogne, Agathe
AU - Garsin, Danielle A.
AU - Qin, Xiang
AU - Singh, Kavindra
AU - Sillanpaa, Jouko
AU - Yerrapragada, Shailaja
AU - Ding, Yan
AU - Dugan-Rocha, Shannon
AU - Buhay, Christian
AU - Shen, Hua
AU - Chen, Guan
AU - Williams, Gabrielle
AU - Muzny, Donna
AU - Maadani, Arash
AU - Fox, Kristina A.
AU - Gioia, Jason
AU - Chen, Lei
AU - Shang, Yue
AU - Arias, Cesar A.
AU - Nallapareddy, Sreedhar R.
AU - Zhao, Meng
AU - Prakash, Vittal P.
AU - Chowdhury, Shahreen
AU - Jiang, Huaiyang
AU - Gibbs, Richard A.
AU - Murray, Barbara E.
AU - Highlander, Sarah K.
AU - Weinstock, George M.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to express our sincere thanks to J Hernandez, S Wang, Z Li, D Ngo, and L Hemphill for their help during the sequencing process. We also would like to thank JM Urbach, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA for helping localize the transposon insertions in the OG1RF unique sequences. This research was supported by grant R21 AI064470 from the National Institutes of Health to GMW and by NIH grant R37 AI47923 from the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, to BEM.
Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2008/7/8
Y1 - 2008/7/8
N2 - Background: Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a major hospital pathogen. To explore its diversity, we sequenced E. faecalis strain OG1RF, which is commonly used for molecular manipulation and virulence studies. Results: The 2,739,625 base pair chromosome of OG1RF was found to contain approximately 232 kilobases unique to this strain compared to V583, the only publicly available sequenced strain. Almost no mobile genetic elements were found in OG1RF. The 64 areas of divergence were classified into three categories. First, OG1RF carries 39 unique regions, including 2 CRISPR loci and a new WxL locus. Second, we found nine replacements where a sequence specific to V583 was substituted by a sequence specific to OG1RF. For example, the iol operon of OG1RF replaces a possible prophage and the vanB transposon in V583. Finally, we found 16 regions that were present in V583 but missing from OG1RF, including the proposed pathogenicity island, several probable prophages, and the cpsCDEFGHIJK capsular polysaccharide operon. OG1RF was more rapidly but less frequently lethal than V583 in the mouse peritonitis model and considerably outcompeted V583 in a murine model of urinary tract infections. Conclusion: E. faecalis OG1RF carries a number of unique loci compared to V583, but the almost complete lack of mobile genetic elements demonstrates that this is not a defining feature of the species. Additionally, OG1RF's effects in experimental models suggest that mediators of virulence may be diverse between different E. faecalis strains and that virulence is not dependent on the presence of mobile genetic elements.
AB - Background: Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a major hospital pathogen. To explore its diversity, we sequenced E. faecalis strain OG1RF, which is commonly used for molecular manipulation and virulence studies. Results: The 2,739,625 base pair chromosome of OG1RF was found to contain approximately 232 kilobases unique to this strain compared to V583, the only publicly available sequenced strain. Almost no mobile genetic elements were found in OG1RF. The 64 areas of divergence were classified into three categories. First, OG1RF carries 39 unique regions, including 2 CRISPR loci and a new WxL locus. Second, we found nine replacements where a sequence specific to V583 was substituted by a sequence specific to OG1RF. For example, the iol operon of OG1RF replaces a possible prophage and the vanB transposon in V583. Finally, we found 16 regions that were present in V583 but missing from OG1RF, including the proposed pathogenicity island, several probable prophages, and the cpsCDEFGHIJK capsular polysaccharide operon. OG1RF was more rapidly but less frequently lethal than V583 in the mouse peritonitis model and considerably outcompeted V583 in a murine model of urinary tract infections. Conclusion: E. faecalis OG1RF carries a number of unique loci compared to V583, but the almost complete lack of mobile genetic elements demonstrates that this is not a defining feature of the species. Additionally, OG1RF's effects in experimental models suggest that mediators of virulence may be diverse between different E. faecalis strains and that virulence is not dependent on the presence of mobile genetic elements.
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U2 - 10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-r110
DO - 10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-r110
M3 - Article
C2 - 18611278
AN - SCOPUS:48249085658
VL - 9
JO - Genome Biology
JF - Genome Biology
SN - 1474-7596
IS - 7
M1 - R110
ER -