TY - JOUR
T1 - Irregular sleep and event schedules are associated with poorer self-reported well-being in US college students
AU - Fischer, Dorothee
AU - McHill, Andrew W.
AU - Sano, Akane
AU - Picard, Rosalind W.
AU - Barger, Laura K.
AU - Czeisler, Charles A.
AU - Klerman, Elizabeth B.
AU - Phillips, Andrew J.K.
N1 - Funding Information:
National Institutes of Health (F32DK107146, T32HL007901, KL2TR002370, K24HL105664, R01HL114088, R01GM105018, R01HL128538, P01AG009975, R21HD086392, R00HL119618, R01DK099512, R01DK105072, R01HL118601, R01OH07567, R01OH010300) and National Space Biomedical Research Institute (HFP02802, HFP04201, HFP0006). D.F. was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)- FI 2275/1-1. This work was conducted with support from Harvard Catalyst, The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health Award UL 1TR002541), and financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard Catalyst, Harvard University, and its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the National Institutes of Health. Conflict of interest statement. A.W.M. reports speaker honorarium or travel reimbursement fees from the Utah Sleep Research Society and the California Precast Concrete Association. A.S. has received travel reimbursement or honorarium payments from Philips Research, Apple, Gordon Research Conferences, Pola Chemical Industries, Leuven Mindgate, and American Epilepsy Society. R.W.P. is a cofounder of and shareholder in Empatica Inc and Affectiva Inc and serves on the board of Empatica. She is inventor or coinventor on over two dozen patents, mostly in the field of affective computing and physiological measurement. She has received royalty payments from MIT for patents licensed to Affectiva, consulting and honorarium payments from Merck, Samsung, Analog Devices, and fees for serving as an expert witness in cases involving wearable sensors from Apple and Intel. Her research is funded in part by a consortium that includes over 70 companies who fund the MIT Media Lab (up to date list is kept online at http://media.mit.edu) and includes project funding supporting her team's work from Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The Simons Foundation, The SDSC Global Foundation, NEC, LKK, Cisco, Deloitte, Steelcase, and Medimmune. She has received travel reimbursement from Apple, Future of Storytelling, Mattel/ Fisher-Price, Microsoft, MindCare, Motorola, Planetree, Profectum, Sentiment Symposium, Seoul Digital, Silicon Valley Entrepreneurs Network, and Wired. L.K.B. is on the scientific advisory board for CurAegis Technologies and has received consulting fees from University of Pittsburgh, Sygma, Insight, and Puget Sound Pilots. C.A.C. reports grants from Cephalon Inc., Ganesco Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals Pic., Inc., National Football League Charities, Optum, Philips Respironics, Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, ResMed Foundation, San Francisco Bar Pilots, Sanofi S.A., SanofiAventis, Inc, Schneider Inc., Sepracor, Inc, Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, Sysco, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, Ltd., and Wake Up Narcolepsy; and personal fees from Bose Corporation, Boston Celtics, Boston Red Sox, Cephalon, Inc., Columbia River Bar Pilots, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Klarman Family Foundation, Samsung Electronics, Quest Diagnostics, Inc, Teva Pharma Australia, Yanda Pharmaceuticals, Washington State Board of Pilotage Commissioners, Zurich Insurance Company, Ltd. In addition, C.A.C. holds a number of process patents in the field of sleep/circadian rhythms (e.g. photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker), and holds an equity interest in Yanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Since 1985, C.A.C. has also served as an expert on various legal and technical cases related to sleep and/or circadian rhythms including those involving the following commercial entities: Casper Sleep Inc., Comair/Delta Airlines, Complete General Construction Company, FedEx, Greyhound, HG Energy LLC, Purdue Pharma, LP, South Carolina Central Railroad Co., Steel Warehouse Inc., Stric-Lan Companies LLC, Texas Premier Resource LLC and United Parcel Service (UPS). C.A.C. receives royalties from the New England Journal of Medicine; McGraw Hill; Houghton Mifflin Harcomi/Penguin; and Philips Respironics, Inc. for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch-Spectrum devices. C.A.C.'s interests were reviewed and managed by Brigham and Women's Hospital and Partners Health Care in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. E.B.K. has received travel reimbursement from the Sleep Research Society, Gordon Research Conference, World Conference of Chronobiology and the National Sleep Foundation, has received grant review compensation from the Puerto Rico Trust, and consulted for Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. A.J.K.P. is an investigator on projects in the CRC for Alertness, Safety, and Productivity.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Sleep Research Society.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Study Objectives: Sleep regularity, in addition to duration and timing, is predictive of daily variations in well-being. One possible contributor to changes in these sleep dimensions are early morning scheduled events. We applied a composite metric-the Composite Phase Deviation (CPD)-to assess mistiming and irregularity of both sleep and event schedules to examine their relationship with self-reported well-being in US college students. Methods: Daily well-being, actigraphy, and timing of sleep and first scheduled events (academic/exercise/other) were collected for approximately 30 days from 223 US college students (37% females) between 2013 and 2016. Participants rated well-being daily upon awakening on five scales: Sleepy-Alert, Sad-Happy, Sluggish-Energetic, Sick-Healthy, and Stressed-Calm. A longitudinal growth model with time-varying covariates was used to assess relationships between sleep variables (i.e. CPDSleep, sleep duration, and midsleep time) and daily and average well-being. Cluster analysis was used to examine relationships between CPD for sleep vs. event schedules. Results: CPD for sleep was a significant predictor of average well-being (e.g. Stressed-Calm: b = -6.3, p < 0.01), whereas sleep duration was a significant predictor of daily well-being (Stressed-Calm, b = 1.0, p < 0.001). Although cluster analysis revealed no systematic relationship between CPD for sleep vs. event schedules (i.e. more mistimed/irregular events were not associated with more mistimed/irregular sleep), they interacted upon well-being: the poorest well-being was reported by students for whom both sleep and event schedules were mistimed and irregular. Conclusions: Sleep regularity and duration may be risk factors for lower well-being in college students. Stabilizing sleep and/or event schedules may help improve well-being.
AB - Study Objectives: Sleep regularity, in addition to duration and timing, is predictive of daily variations in well-being. One possible contributor to changes in these sleep dimensions are early morning scheduled events. We applied a composite metric-the Composite Phase Deviation (CPD)-to assess mistiming and irregularity of both sleep and event schedules to examine their relationship with self-reported well-being in US college students. Methods: Daily well-being, actigraphy, and timing of sleep and first scheduled events (academic/exercise/other) were collected for approximately 30 days from 223 US college students (37% females) between 2013 and 2016. Participants rated well-being daily upon awakening on five scales: Sleepy-Alert, Sad-Happy, Sluggish-Energetic, Sick-Healthy, and Stressed-Calm. A longitudinal growth model with time-varying covariates was used to assess relationships between sleep variables (i.e. CPDSleep, sleep duration, and midsleep time) and daily and average well-being. Cluster analysis was used to examine relationships between CPD for sleep vs. event schedules. Results: CPD for sleep was a significant predictor of average well-being (e.g. Stressed-Calm: b = -6.3, p < 0.01), whereas sleep duration was a significant predictor of daily well-being (Stressed-Calm, b = 1.0, p < 0.001). Although cluster analysis revealed no systematic relationship between CPD for sleep vs. event schedules (i.e. more mistimed/irregular events were not associated with more mistimed/irregular sleep), they interacted upon well-being: the poorest well-being was reported by students for whom both sleep and event schedules were mistimed and irregular. Conclusions: Sleep regularity and duration may be risk factors for lower well-being in college students. Stabilizing sleep and/or event schedules may help improve well-being.
KW - Intra-individual variability
KW - Mental health
KW - Mood
KW - Public health
KW - Sleep and stress
KW - Sleep regularity
KW - Social jet lag
KW - Stress
KW - Well-being
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079831687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85079831687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/sleep/zsz300
DO - 10.1093/sleep/zsz300
M3 - Article
C2 - 31837266
AN - SCOPUS:85079831687
SN - 0161-8105
VL - 43
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Sleep
JF - Sleep
IS - 6
ER -