Hybrid thoracic stent graft repair of a complex type B aortic dissection in a patient who presented three weeks after repair of a type a aortic dissection

Long-term management after repair of a type A aortic dissection includes aggressive medical therapy and routine surveillance with serial imaging to ensure thrombosis of the false lumen. Retained patency of the false lumen can lead to either the development of a false lumen aneurysm with a subsequent rupture or extension of dissection. Typically such events occur late, usually months after repair, and are treated with either a conventional one-stage open thoracoabdominal repair or a two-stage "elephant trunk" procedure. However, most patients who undergo such procedures experience major complications and the procedure-related mortality rate is high. We present a unique case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with a ruptured type B aortic dissection 3 weeks after repair of a type A aortic dissection. She underwent an emergent thoracotomy and primary repair of the ruptured aorta followed by concomitant arch debranching and thoracic stent graft placement. Simultaneous surgical debranching with a median sternotomy and endovascular repair with stent grafts is an attractive hybrid approach in patients who present with an acute rupture of a false lumen aneurysm soon after initial repair of an aortic dissection, a situation in which a conventional repair is not feasible. This report emphasizes that hybrid thoracic stent graft repair should be considered for such high-risk patients in the near future as it offers them relatively lower morbidity and mortality compared with what is seen with conventional repairs.