Heatstroke-Induced Inflammatory Response and Therapeutic Biomarkers

In recent years, heatstroke has become one of the most dangerous illnesses associated with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is described as an increased body temperature, where there is more heat accrual than dissipation, which happens during environmental heat stress conditions or exhaustive exercise and subsequently leads to heatstroke. Heatstroke is characterized as a dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), associated with neuroinflammation, including utmost hyperthermia, which eventually leads to multiorgan failure. Heatstroke-related fatalities have rapidly increased in the recent past; however, there is still a gap in the understanding of heatstroke and associated outcomes during heatstroke. Especially of note, early diagnosis of heatstroke-related complications is one of the important aspects that need to be addressed. This article reviewed current knowledge about heatstroke and associated inflammatory responses, including neuroinflammation and other clinical complications. Using molecular dynamics simulation analysis of triose phosphate isomerase (a housekeeping enzyme) at different temperatures, we demonstrated how protein structures, and thus their functions, can be varied with temperature increases. Additionally, we discussed therapeutically relevant biomarkers of heatstroke which might be helpful in the early detection of heatstroke possibilities and candidate drug targets to control or minimize heatstroke events.