Graphdiyne Nanosheet-Based Drug Delivery Platform for Photothermal/Chemotherapy Combination Treatment of Cancer

Nowadays, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention as cancer drug delivery platforms owing to their unparalleled physicochemical properties and superior specific surface area. Graphdiyne (GDY) is a novel 2D carbon material. Compared with graphene, GDY not only has benzene rings composed of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms but also has acetylene units composed of sp-hybridized carbon atoms; therefore, it possesses multiple conjugated electronic structures. Herein, we used doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug to develop a GDY nanosheet-based drug delivery platform for a photothermal/chemotherapy combination in living mice. With a high photothermal conversion ability and drug loading efficiency, GDY/DOX under 808 nm laser irradiation showed a much higher cancer inhibition rate compared with solo therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GDY exhibited great biocompatibility and no obvious side effects, as shown by histopathological examination and serum biochemical analysis. For the first time, our work demonstrated a successful example of GDY for efficient photothermal/chemotherapy and suggests both safety and great promise for GDY in cancer treatment.