TY - JOUR
T1 - Golgi protein GOLM1 is a tissue and urine biomarker of prostate cancer
AU - Varambally, Sooryanarayana
AU - Laxman, Bharathi
AU - Mehra, Rohit
AU - Cao, Qi
AU - Dhanasekaran, Saravana M.
AU - Tomlins, Scott A.
AU - Granger, Jill
AU - Vellaichamy, Adaikkalam
AU - Sreekumar, Arun
AU - Yu, Jianjun
AU - Gu, Wenjuan
AU - Shen, Ronglai
AU - Ghosh, Debashis
AU - Wright, Lorinda M.
AU - Kladney, Raleigh D.
AU - Kuefer, Rainer
AU - Rubin, Mark A.
AU - Fimmel, Claus J.
AU - Chinnaiyan, Arul M.
PY - 2008/11
Y1 - 2008/11
N2 - Prostate cancer is the most common type of tumor found in American men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in males. To identify biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer from normal, we compared multiple gene expression profiling studies. Through meta-analysis of expression array data from multiple prostate cancer studies, we identified GOLM1 (Golgi membrane protein 1, Golm 1) as consistently up-regulated in clinically localized prostate cancer. This observation was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and validated at the protein level by immunoblot assay and immunohistochemistry. Prostate epithelial cells were identified as the cellular source of GOLM1 expression using laser capture microdissection. Immunohistochemical staining localized the GOLM1 signal to the subapical cytoplasmic region, typical of a Golgi distribution. Surprisingly, GOLM1 immunoreactivity was detected in the supernatants of prostate cell lines and in the urine of patients with prostate cancer. The mechanism by which intact GOLM1 might be released from cells has not yet been elucidated. GOLM1 transcript levels were measured in urine sediments using quantitative PCR on a cohort of patients presenting for biopsy or radical prostatectomy. We found that urinary GOLM1 mRNA levels were a significant predictor of prostate cancer. Further, GOLM1 outperformed serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in detecting prostate cancer. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.622 for GOLM1 (P = .0009) versus 0.495 for serum PSA (P = .902). Our data indicating the up-regulation of GOLM1 expression and its appearance in patients' urine suggest GOLM1 as a potential novel biomarker for clinically localized prostate cancer.
AB - Prostate cancer is the most common type of tumor found in American men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in males. To identify biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer from normal, we compared multiple gene expression profiling studies. Through meta-analysis of expression array data from multiple prostate cancer studies, we identified GOLM1 (Golgi membrane protein 1, Golm 1) as consistently up-regulated in clinically localized prostate cancer. This observation was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and validated at the protein level by immunoblot assay and immunohistochemistry. Prostate epithelial cells were identified as the cellular source of GOLM1 expression using laser capture microdissection. Immunohistochemical staining localized the GOLM1 signal to the subapical cytoplasmic region, typical of a Golgi distribution. Surprisingly, GOLM1 immunoreactivity was detected in the supernatants of prostate cell lines and in the urine of patients with prostate cancer. The mechanism by which intact GOLM1 might be released from cells has not yet been elucidated. GOLM1 transcript levels were measured in urine sediments using quantitative PCR on a cohort of patients presenting for biopsy or radical prostatectomy. We found that urinary GOLM1 mRNA levels were a significant predictor of prostate cancer. Further, GOLM1 outperformed serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in detecting prostate cancer. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.622 for GOLM1 (P = .0009) versus 0.495 for serum PSA (P = .902). Our data indicating the up-regulation of GOLM1 expression and its appearance in patients' urine suggest GOLM1 as a potential novel biomarker for clinically localized prostate cancer.
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U2 - 10.1593/neo.08922
DO - 10.1593/neo.08922
M3 - Article
C2 - 18953438
AN - SCOPUS:55849106651
VL - 10
SP - 1285
EP - 1294
JO - Neoplasia (United States)
JF - Neoplasia (United States)
SN - 1522-8002
IS - 11
ER -