TY - JOUR
T1 - Global mortality of snakebite envenoming between 1990 and 2019
AU - GBD 2019 Snakebite Envenomation Collaborators
AU - Roberts, Nicholas L.S.
AU - Johnson, Emily K.
AU - Zeng, Scott M.
AU - Hamilton, Erin B.
AU - Abdoli, Amir
AU - Alahdab, Fares
AU - Alipour, Vahid
AU - Ancuceanu, Robert
AU - Andrei, Catalina Liliana
AU - Anvari, Davood
AU - Arabloo, Jalal
AU - Ausloos, Marcel
AU - Awedew, Atalel Fentahun
AU - Badiye, Ashish D.
AU - Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
AU - Bhalla, Ashish
AU - Bhardwaj, Nikha
AU - Bhardwaj, Pankaj
AU - Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
AU - Bijani, Ali
AU - Boloor, Archith
AU - Cai, Tianji
AU - Carvalho, Felix
AU - Chu, Dinh Toi
AU - Couto, Rosa A.S.
AU - Dai, Xiaochen
AU - Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu
AU - Do, Hoa Thi
AU - Earl, Lucas
AU - Eftekhari, Aziz
AU - Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
AU - Farzadfar, Farshad
AU - Fernandes, Eduarda
AU - Filip, Irina
AU - Foroutan, Masoud
AU - Franklin, Richard Charles
AU - Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
AU - Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie
AU - Gebremichael, Berhe
AU - Ghashghaee, Ahmad
AU - Golechha, Mahaveer
AU - Hamidi, Samer
AU - Haque, Syed Emdadul
AU - Hayat, Khezar
AU - Herteliu, Claudiu
AU - Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
AU - Islam, M. Mofizul
AU - Jagnoor, Jagnoor
AU - Kanchan, Tanuj
AU - Kapoor, Neeti
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. M Ausloos and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO, and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; and FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). A M Samy acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the final report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit it for publication.
Funding Information:
This study was primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. M Ausloos and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO, and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; and FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). A M Samy acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the final report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit it for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/10/25
Y1 - 2022/10/25
N2 - Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900–78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5–1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2–49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. India had the greatest number of deaths in 2019, equal to an ASMR of 4.0 per 100,000 (2.3—5.0). We forecast mortality will continue to decline, but not sufficiently to meet WHO’s goals. Improved data collection should be prioritized to help target interventions, improve burden estimation, and monitor progress.
AB - Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900–78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5–1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2–49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. India had the greatest number of deaths in 2019, equal to an ASMR of 4.0 per 100,000 (2.3—5.0). We forecast mortality will continue to decline, but not sufficiently to meet WHO’s goals. Improved data collection should be prioritized to help target interventions, improve burden estimation, and monitor progress.
KW - Animals
KW - Snake Bites/epidemiology
KW - Snakes
KW - India
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U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-33627-9
DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-33627-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 36284094
AN - SCOPUS:85140789483
VL - 13
JO - Nat Commun
JF - Nat Commun
SN - 2041-1723
IS - 1
M1 - 6160
ER -