TY - JOUR
T1 - Ghee butter as a therapeutic delivery system
AU - Balasubramanian, Kishore
AU - Evangelopoulos, Michael
AU - Brown, Brandon S.
AU - Parodi, Alessandro
AU - Celia, Christian
AU - Celia, Christian
AU - Yazdi, Iman K.
AU - Yazdi, Iman K.
AU - Tasciotti, Ennio
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Copyright © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. Solid lipid nanoparticles carrying a chemotherapeutic payload (i.e., temozolomide, TMZ) were synthesized using ghee, a clarified butter commonly used in traditional medicine and food products. Ghee solid lipid nanoparticles (GSLN) were characterized through dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectrometry. Formulations were generated with varying ratios of surfactant to lipid, resulting in a maximum TMZ entrapment efficiency of ∼70%. Optimal formulations were found to have an average size and polydispersity of ∼220 nm and 0.340, respectively. Release kinetics revealed TMZ-loaded GSLN (TMZ@GSLN) retained 10% of its payload at 2 h with ∼53% released in 5 h. Metabolic activity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) revealed GSLN treatment resulted in an increase in viability following 3 d while treatment of glioblastoma LN-229 cells with TMZ@GSLN resulted in a significant decrease. Evaluation of diffusion of TMZ across a reconstructed HUVEC monolayer demonstrated TMZ@GSLN resulted in a significantly higher diffusion of drug when compared to free TMZ. This data suggests GSLN pose a promising delivery vehicle for TMZ-based therapeutics. Collectively, this data demonstrates GSLN exhibit favorable drug carrier properties with anti-proliferative properties in glioblastoma cancer cells.
AB - Copyright © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. Solid lipid nanoparticles carrying a chemotherapeutic payload (i.e., temozolomide, TMZ) were synthesized using ghee, a clarified butter commonly used in traditional medicine and food products. Ghee solid lipid nanoparticles (GSLN) were characterized through dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectrometry. Formulations were generated with varying ratios of surfactant to lipid, resulting in a maximum TMZ entrapment efficiency of ∼70%. Optimal formulations were found to have an average size and polydispersity of ∼220 nm and 0.340, respectively. Release kinetics revealed TMZ-loaded GSLN (TMZ@GSLN) retained 10% of its payload at 2 h with ∼53% released in 5 h. Metabolic activity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) revealed GSLN treatment resulted in an increase in viability following 3 d while treatment of glioblastoma LN-229 cells with TMZ@GSLN resulted in a significant decrease. Evaluation of diffusion of TMZ across a reconstructed HUVEC monolayer demonstrated TMZ@GSLN resulted in a significantly higher diffusion of drug when compared to free TMZ. This data suggests GSLN pose a promising delivery vehicle for TMZ-based therapeutics. Collectively, this data demonstrates GSLN exhibit favorable drug carrier properties with anti-proliferative properties in glioblastoma cancer cells.
KW - Drug delivery
KW - Ghee
KW - Lipid
KW - Nanoparticles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85010041770&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85010041770&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1166/jnn.2017.12623
DO - 10.1166/jnn.2017.12623
M3 - Article
C2 - 29671486
AN - SCOPUS:85010041770
VL - 17
SP - 977
EP - 982
JO - Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
JF - Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
SN - 1533-4880
IS - 2
ER -