TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional vision disorders in adults
T2 - a paradigm and nomenclature shift for ophthalmology
AU - Raviskanthan, Subahari
AU - Wendt, Sydney
AU - Ugoh, Peter M.
AU - Mortensen, Peter W.
AU - Moss, Heather E.
AU - Lee, Andrew G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Vision loss with clinical findings that are incompatible with the symptoms and recognized neurological or ophthalmic conditions is a common presentation of patients to neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuro-ophthalmologists. The accepted terminology to describe such patients has evolved over time, including functional visual disorder (FVD), non-organic vision loss, non-physiologic vision loss, functional vision loss, psychogenic, psychosomatic, and medically unexplained visual loss. Likewise, attitudes and recommended management options have changed over the years in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. FVD is a diagnosis of inclusion, and it is critical that the diagnosis be made and delivered efficiently and effectively to reduce patient and physician duress. We review the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM V) terminology and the prior literature on FVD and describe how the approaches to diagnosis and management have changed. We provide recommendations on the appropriate techniques and diagnostic approach for patients with FVD. We also propose a protocol for consistent and standardized discussion with the patient of the diagnosis of FVD. We believe that the adoption of FVD as both a paradigm and nomenclature shift in ophthalmology will improve patient care.
AB - Vision loss with clinical findings that are incompatible with the symptoms and recognized neurological or ophthalmic conditions is a common presentation of patients to neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuro-ophthalmologists. The accepted terminology to describe such patients has evolved over time, including functional visual disorder (FVD), non-organic vision loss, non-physiologic vision loss, functional vision loss, psychogenic, psychosomatic, and medically unexplained visual loss. Likewise, attitudes and recommended management options have changed over the years in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. FVD is a diagnosis of inclusion, and it is critical that the diagnosis be made and delivered efficiently and effectively to reduce patient and physician duress. We review the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM V) terminology and the prior literature on FVD and describe how the approaches to diagnosis and management have changed. We provide recommendations on the appropriate techniques and diagnostic approach for patients with FVD. We also propose a protocol for consistent and standardized discussion with the patient of the diagnosis of FVD. We believe that the adoption of FVD as both a paradigm and nomenclature shift in ophthalmology will improve patient care.
KW - Functional vision disorder
KW - SPIKES
KW - functional neurologic disorder
KW - functional visual loss
KW - medically unexplained vision loss
KW - non-organic vision loss
KW - psychogenic vision loss
KW - Ophthalmologists
KW - Vision Disorders/diagnosis
KW - Humans
KW - Adult
KW - Ophthalmology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121149862&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85121149862&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.03.002
DO - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.03.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33737039
AN - SCOPUS:85121149862
SN - 0039-6257
VL - 67
SP - 8
EP - 18
JO - Survey of Ophthalmology
JF - Survey of Ophthalmology
IS - 1
ER -