Functional Genomics: Uncovering Cellular and Subcellular Mechanisms of Action

Despite numerous successes in the past, controversy remains on the utility of current toxicological methods in predicting adverse human health effects. A key element in understanding the consequences of exposure is the cellular and subcellular mechanism of action. Emerging functional genomics methods including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are rapidly gaining acceptance as powerful tools to uncover underlying mechanism of action. With careful study design and adequate bioinformatics, the resulting data-rich environments can be improved through contextual, exploratory, or network-building analyses. When integrated with existing toxicological methods, functional genomics clearly provides novel, comprehensive understanding of the biochemical reactions controlling adverse reactions to environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals.