TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional frequency discrimination from cortical somatosensory stimulation in humans
AU - Kramer, Daniel R.
AU - Lamorie-Foote, Krista
AU - Barbaro, Michael
AU - Lee, Morgan
AU - Peng, Terrance
AU - Gogia, Angad
AU - Liu, Charles Y.
AU - Kellis, Spencer S.
AU - Lee, Brian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 Kramer, Lamorie-Foote, Barbaro, Lee, Peng, Gogia, Liu, Kellis and Lee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Recently, efforts to produce artificial sensation through cortical stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) in humans have proven safe and reliable. Changes in stimulation parameters like frequency and amplitude have been shown to elicit different percepts, but without clearly defined psychometric profiles. This study investigates the functionally useful limits of frequency changes on the percepts felt by three epilepsy patients with subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) grids. Subjects performing a hidden target task were stimulated with parameters of constant amplitude, pulse-width, and pulse-duration, and a randomly selected set of two frequencies (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 100 Hz). They were asked to decide which target had the “higher” frequency. Objectively, an increase in frequency differences was associated with an increase in perceived intensity. Reliable detection of stimulation occurred at and above 40 Hz with a lower limit of detection around 20 Hz and a just-noticeable difference estimated at less than 10 Hz. These findings suggest that frequency can be used as a reliable, adjustable parameter and may be useful in establishing settings and thresholds of functionality in future BCI systems.
AB - Recently, efforts to produce artificial sensation through cortical stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) in humans have proven safe and reliable. Changes in stimulation parameters like frequency and amplitude have been shown to elicit different percepts, but without clearly defined psychometric profiles. This study investigates the functionally useful limits of frequency changes on the percepts felt by three epilepsy patients with subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) grids. Subjects performing a hidden target task were stimulated with parameters of constant amplitude, pulse-width, and pulse-duration, and a randomly selected set of two frequencies (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 100 Hz). They were asked to decide which target had the “higher” frequency. Objectively, an increase in frequency differences was associated with an increase in perceived intensity. Reliable detection of stimulation occurred at and above 40 Hz with a lower limit of detection around 20 Hz and a just-noticeable difference estimated at less than 10 Hz. These findings suggest that frequency can be used as a reliable, adjustable parameter and may be useful in establishing settings and thresholds of functionality in future BCI systems.
KW - Brain computer interface
KW - Brain machine interface
KW - Cortical stimulation
KW - Electrocorticography
KW - Frequency
KW - Sensory feedback control
KW - Somatosensation
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U2 - 10.3389/fnins.2019.00832
DO - 10.3389/fnins.2019.00832
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070584257
SN - 1662-4548
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience
IS - JUL
M1 - 832
ER -