Full Endoscopic Transpedicular Discectomy for a Rostrally Migrated L5-S1 Disc Herniation in the Setting of Previous Lumbar Surgery: A Case Report With Intraoperative Video

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: The surgical management of rostral disc herniations at L5-S1 poses challenges for conventional endoscopic approaches, particularly in patients who have had previous lumbar surgery. We present a full endoscopic transpedicular discectomy (FETD), whereby a pediculotomy is created to pass an endoscope through the pedicle for intracanal access. This addresses anatomic obstacles and potential complications associated with other endoscopic and minimally invasive or open techniques. To date, this is the only article to highlight this approach with a case report and intraoperative video. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old man with a history of L3-S1 laminectomy presented with left leg pain and a near-complete left foot drop. An MRI revealed a left paracentral rostrally migrated disc herniation arising from L5-S1 with impingement of the exiting left L5 nerve root at the inferomedial aspect of the pedicle of L5. The patient consented to the FETD procedure. Using sequential reamers of increasing diameter and a high-speed burr, a superolateral to inferomedial pediculotomy was performed. This approach allowed us to target the pathology at the point of maximum compression without traversing the prior operative field. A transforaminal endoscopic approach was not possible with the iliac crest obstructing rostral angulation. The disc was successfully removed without any intraoperative complications, and after surgery, the patient's radiculopathy resolved without any radiographic evidence of instability. CONCLUSION: FETD is a unique approach that demonstrates the versatility of endoscopic spine surgery, offering advantages over conventional approaches particularly for rostral disc herniations at L5-S1 in the setting of prior lumbar surgery.