Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in humans: chemical analysis of 79 explanted specimens

Robert Guidoin; Sophie Maurel; Nabil Chakfé; How Thien; Zhang Ze; Marie Themen; Maxime Formichi; Camille Gosselin

doi:10.1016/0142-9612(93)90068-D

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in humans: chemical analysis of 79 explanted specimens

Robert Guidoin, Sophie Maurel, Nabil Chakfé, How Thien, Zhang Ze, Marie Themen, Maxime Formichi, Camille Gosselin

Research Institute

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38 Scopus citations

Abstract

The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular prostheses are widely used as small and medium diameter blood conduits when an autologous venous material is not available or is not suitable. The long-term performance of a prosthesis is dependent on several factors, including its healing characteristics and its stability in vivo. This study was undertaken to assess whether chemical degradation of ePTFE occurs when such arterial substitutes are implanted in humans. Seventy-nine ePTFE grafts excised for complications were analysed using the following techniques: measurement of the contact angle (θ), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with those obtained from virgin ePTFE and virgin ePTFE washed prostheses. The measurement of the contact angle (θ) permits the comparison of the level of hydrophobicity of material after in vivo residency. The contact angles of explanted ePTFE grafts are greater than those of virgin ones but remain close to those of washed virgin prostheses. The ESCA method allowed investigation of the chemical changes which occur on the surface of ePTFE prostheses after implantation because of the low penetration of the X-ray (about 50 Å). This study did not reveal any chemical degradation of the ePTFE with time of implantation for periods up to 6.5 yr. Changes in the surface composition were probably related to lipid and/or protein uptake. The FTIR spectroscopy provides information about the chemical composition of material. Compared with the virgin ePTFE prostheses, the FTIR spectra of explanted prostheses showed specific bands which are characteristic of lipid and/or protein absorptions. The bulk properties of ePTFE studied by DSC did not show any significant changes with time of implantation. It is concluded that ePTFE grafts remain stable in vivo for periods up to 6.5 yr.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	694-704
Number of pages	11
Journal	Biomaterials
Volume	14
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(93)90068-D
State	Published - Jul 1993

Keywords

Vascular prostheses
blood conduit
grafting
polytetrafluoroethylene

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biophysics
Bioengineering
Ceramics and Composites
Biomaterials
Mechanics of Materials

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10.1016/0142-9612(93)90068-D

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@article{69a34823c362424480f0b09ff6431f92,

title = "Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in humans: chemical analysis of 79 explanted specimens",

abstract = "The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular prostheses are widely used as small and medium diameter blood conduits when an autologous venous material is not available or is not suitable. The long-term performance of a prosthesis is dependent on several factors, including its healing characteristics and its stability in vivo. This study was undertaken to assess whether chemical degradation of ePTFE occurs when such arterial substitutes are implanted in humans. Seventy-nine ePTFE grafts excised for complications were analysed using the following techniques: measurement of the contact angle (θ), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with those obtained from virgin ePTFE and virgin ePTFE washed prostheses. The measurement of the contact angle (θ) permits the comparison of the level of hydrophobicity of material after in vivo residency. The contact angles of explanted ePTFE grafts are greater than those of virgin ones but remain close to those of washed virgin prostheses. The ESCA method allowed investigation of the chemical changes which occur on the surface of ePTFE prostheses after implantation because of the low penetration of the X-ray (about 50 {\AA}). This study did not reveal any chemical degradation of the ePTFE with time of implantation for periods up to 6.5 yr. Changes in the surface composition were probably related to lipid and/or protein uptake. The FTIR spectroscopy provides information about the chemical composition of material. Compared with the virgin ePTFE prostheses, the FTIR spectra of explanted prostheses showed specific bands which are characteristic of lipid and/or protein absorptions. The bulk properties of ePTFE studied by DSC did not show any significant changes with time of implantation. It is concluded that ePTFE grafts remain stable in vivo for periods up to 6.5 yr.",

keywords = "Vascular prostheses, blood conduit, grafting, polytetrafluoroethylene",

author = "Robert Guidoin and Sophie Maurel and Nabil Chakf{\'e} and How Thien and Zhang Ze and Marie Themen and Maxime Formichi and Camille Gosselin",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Medical Research Council of Canada, and St-Franqois d{\textquoteright}Assise Hospital. We are indebted to Drs P.E. Roy, R. Guzman and J.F. Girard for help and guidance. We are most thankful to the Escalab of the Ecole Polytechnique from the Universite de Montreal and the assistance of Suzie Poulin was greatly appreciated for the ESCA analysis. The authors would like to extend their gratitude for the technical assistance of Suzanne Bourassa, Marielle Corriveau, Richard Couture, Josee Boulet, Karen Horth and Gilles Mongrain. Our sincere thanks are due to the surgeons who contributed to this co-operative retrieval programme.",

year = "1993",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/0142-9612(93)90068-D",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "14",

pages = "694--704",

journal = "Biomaterials",

issn = "0142-9612",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

number = "9",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in humans

T2 - chemical analysis of 79 explanted specimens

AU - Guidoin, Robert

AU - Maurel, Sophie

AU - Chakfé, Nabil

AU - Thien, How

AU - Ze, Zhang

AU - Themen, Marie

AU - Formichi, Maxime

AU - Gosselin, Camille

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Medical Research Council of Canada, and St-Franqois d’Assise Hospital. We are indebted to Drs P.E. Roy, R. Guzman and J.F. Girard for help and guidance. We are most thankful to the Escalab of the Ecole Polytechnique from the Universite de Montreal and the assistance of Suzie Poulin was greatly appreciated for the ESCA analysis. The authors would like to extend their gratitude for the technical assistance of Suzanne Bourassa, Marielle Corriveau, Richard Couture, Josee Boulet, Karen Horth and Gilles Mongrain. Our sincere thanks are due to the surgeons who contributed to this co-operative retrieval programme.

PY - 1993/7

Y1 - 1993/7

N2 - The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular prostheses are widely used as small and medium diameter blood conduits when an autologous venous material is not available or is not suitable. The long-term performance of a prosthesis is dependent on several factors, including its healing characteristics and its stability in vivo. This study was undertaken to assess whether chemical degradation of ePTFE occurs when such arterial substitutes are implanted in humans. Seventy-nine ePTFE grafts excised for complications were analysed using the following techniques: measurement of the contact angle (θ), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with those obtained from virgin ePTFE and virgin ePTFE washed prostheses. The measurement of the contact angle (θ) permits the comparison of the level of hydrophobicity of material after in vivo residency. The contact angles of explanted ePTFE grafts are greater than those of virgin ones but remain close to those of washed virgin prostheses. The ESCA method allowed investigation of the chemical changes which occur on the surface of ePTFE prostheses after implantation because of the low penetration of the X-ray (about 50 Å). This study did not reveal any chemical degradation of the ePTFE with time of implantation for periods up to 6.5 yr. Changes in the surface composition were probably related to lipid and/or protein uptake. The FTIR spectroscopy provides information about the chemical composition of material. Compared with the virgin ePTFE prostheses, the FTIR spectra of explanted prostheses showed specific bands which are characteristic of lipid and/or protein absorptions. The bulk properties of ePTFE studied by DSC did not show any significant changes with time of implantation. It is concluded that ePTFE grafts remain stable in vivo for periods up to 6.5 yr.

AB - The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular prostheses are widely used as small and medium diameter blood conduits when an autologous venous material is not available or is not suitable. The long-term performance of a prosthesis is dependent on several factors, including its healing characteristics and its stability in vivo. This study was undertaken to assess whether chemical degradation of ePTFE occurs when such arterial substitutes are implanted in humans. Seventy-nine ePTFE grafts excised for complications were analysed using the following techniques: measurement of the contact angle (θ), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared with those obtained from virgin ePTFE and virgin ePTFE washed prostheses. The measurement of the contact angle (θ) permits the comparison of the level of hydrophobicity of material after in vivo residency. The contact angles of explanted ePTFE grafts are greater than those of virgin ones but remain close to those of washed virgin prostheses. The ESCA method allowed investigation of the chemical changes which occur on the surface of ePTFE prostheses after implantation because of the low penetration of the X-ray (about 50 Å). This study did not reveal any chemical degradation of the ePTFE with time of implantation for periods up to 6.5 yr. Changes in the surface composition were probably related to lipid and/or protein uptake. The FTIR spectroscopy provides information about the chemical composition of material. Compared with the virgin ePTFE prostheses, the FTIR spectra of explanted prostheses showed specific bands which are characteristic of lipid and/or protein absorptions. The bulk properties of ePTFE studied by DSC did not show any significant changes with time of implantation. It is concluded that ePTFE grafts remain stable in vivo for periods up to 6.5 yr.

KW - Vascular prostheses

KW - blood conduit

KW - grafting

KW - polytetrafluoroethylene

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Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in humans: chemical analysis of 79 explanted specimens

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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