TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration among US Adults, 2004-2018
AU - Caraballo, César
AU - Mahajan, Shiwani
AU - Valero-Elizondo, Javier
AU - Massey, Daisy
AU - Lu, Yuan
AU - Roy, Brita
AU - Riley, Carley
AU - Annapureddy, Amarnath R.
AU - Murugiah, Karthik
AU - Elumn, Johanna
AU - Nasir, Khurram
AU - Nunez-Smith, Marcella
AU - Forman, Howard P.
AU - Jackson, Chandra L.
AU - Herrin, Jeph
AU - Krumholz, Harlan M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Administrative, technical, or material support: Valero-Elizondo. Supervision: Riley, Nunez-Smith, Jackson, Krumholz. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Lu reported receiving grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Yale Center for Implementation Science outside the submitted work. Dr Roy reported consulting for the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Dr Riley reported receiving personal fees from Heluna Health and consulting for the Institute for Healthcare Improvement outside the submitted work. Dr Nasir reported serving on the advisory boards of Novartis International AG, Esperion Therapeutics Inc, and Novo Nordisk. Dr Krumholz reported receiving expenses and/or personal fees from UnitedHealthcare, Element Science, Aetna, Reality Labs, Tesseract/4Catalyst, F-Prime, the Siegfried & Jensen law firm, the Arnold & Porter law firm, and the Martin Baughman law firm; being a co-founder of Refactor Health and Hugo Health; and being associated with contracts through Yale New Haven Hospital from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and through Yale University from Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: This study was supported in part by award Z1AES103325-01 from the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The sponsor had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/4/7
Y1 - 2022/4/7
N2 - Importance: Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally more likely to experience sleep deficiencies. It is unclear how these sleep duration disparities have changed during recent years. Objective: To evaluate 15-year trends in racial and ethnic differences in self-reported sleep duration among adults in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants: This serial cross-sectional study used US population-based National Health Interview Survey data collected from 2004 to 2018. A total of 429 195 noninstitutionalized adults were included in the analysis, which was performed from July 26, 2021, to February 10, 2022. Exposures: Self-reported race, ethnicity, household income, and sex. Main Outcomes and Measures: Temporal trends and racial and ethnic differences in short (<7 hours in 24 hours) and long (>9 hours in 24 hours) sleep duration and racial and ethnic differences in the association between sleep duration and age. Results: The study sample consisted of 429195 individuals (median [IQR] age, 46 [31-60] years; 51.7% women), of whom 5.1% identified as Asian, 11.8% identified as Black, 14.7% identified as Hispanic or Latino, and 68.5% identified as White. In 2004, the adjusted estimated prevalence of short and long sleep duration were 31.4% and 2.5%, respectively, among Asian individuals; 35.3% and 6.4%, respectively, among Black individuals; 27.0% and 4.6%, respectively, among Hispanic or Latino individuals; and 27.8% and 3.5%, respectively, among White individuals. During the study period, there was a significant increase in short sleep prevalence among Black (6.39 [95% CI, 3.32-9.46] percentage points), Hispanic or Latino (6.61 [95% CI, 4.03-9.20] percentage points), and White (3.22 [95% CI, 2.06-4.38] percentage points) individuals (P <.001 for each), whereas prevalence of long sleep changed significantly only among Hispanic or Latino individuals (-1.42 [95% CI, -2.52 to -0.32] percentage points; P =.01). In 2018, compared with White individuals, short sleep prevalence among Black and Hispanic or Latino individuals was higher by 10.68 (95% CI, 8.12-13.24; P <.001) and 2.44 (95% CI, 0.23-4.65; P =.03) percentage points, respectively, and long sleep prevalence was higher only among Black individuals (1.44 [95% CI, 0.39-2.48] percentage points; P =.007). The short sleep disparities were greatest among women and among those with middle or high household income. In addition, across age groups, Black individuals had a higher short and long sleep duration prevalence compared with White individuals of the same age. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that from 2004 to 2018, the prevalence of short and long sleep duration was persistently higher among Black individuals in the US. The disparities in short sleep duration appear to be highest among women, individuals who had middle or high income, and young or middle-aged adults, which may be associated with health disparities..
AB - Importance: Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally more likely to experience sleep deficiencies. It is unclear how these sleep duration disparities have changed during recent years. Objective: To evaluate 15-year trends in racial and ethnic differences in self-reported sleep duration among adults in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants: This serial cross-sectional study used US population-based National Health Interview Survey data collected from 2004 to 2018. A total of 429 195 noninstitutionalized adults were included in the analysis, which was performed from July 26, 2021, to February 10, 2022. Exposures: Self-reported race, ethnicity, household income, and sex. Main Outcomes and Measures: Temporal trends and racial and ethnic differences in short (<7 hours in 24 hours) and long (>9 hours in 24 hours) sleep duration and racial and ethnic differences in the association between sleep duration and age. Results: The study sample consisted of 429195 individuals (median [IQR] age, 46 [31-60] years; 51.7% women), of whom 5.1% identified as Asian, 11.8% identified as Black, 14.7% identified as Hispanic or Latino, and 68.5% identified as White. In 2004, the adjusted estimated prevalence of short and long sleep duration were 31.4% and 2.5%, respectively, among Asian individuals; 35.3% and 6.4%, respectively, among Black individuals; 27.0% and 4.6%, respectively, among Hispanic or Latino individuals; and 27.8% and 3.5%, respectively, among White individuals. During the study period, there was a significant increase in short sleep prevalence among Black (6.39 [95% CI, 3.32-9.46] percentage points), Hispanic or Latino (6.61 [95% CI, 4.03-9.20] percentage points), and White (3.22 [95% CI, 2.06-4.38] percentage points) individuals (P <.001 for each), whereas prevalence of long sleep changed significantly only among Hispanic or Latino individuals (-1.42 [95% CI, -2.52 to -0.32] percentage points; P =.01). In 2018, compared with White individuals, short sleep prevalence among Black and Hispanic or Latino individuals was higher by 10.68 (95% CI, 8.12-13.24; P <.001) and 2.44 (95% CI, 0.23-4.65; P =.03) percentage points, respectively, and long sleep prevalence was higher only among Black individuals (1.44 [95% CI, 0.39-2.48] percentage points; P =.007). The short sleep disparities were greatest among women and among those with middle or high household income. In addition, across age groups, Black individuals had a higher short and long sleep duration prevalence compared with White individuals of the same age. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that from 2004 to 2018, the prevalence of short and long sleep duration was persistently higher among Black individuals in the US. The disparities in short sleep duration appear to be highest among women, individuals who had middle or high income, and young or middle-aged adults, which may be associated with health disparities..
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U2 - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6385
DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6385
M3 - Article
C2 - 35389500
AN - SCOPUS:85128249406
VL - 5
SP - E226385
JO - JAMA Network Open
JF - JAMA Network Open
SN - 2574-3805
IS - 4
ER -