Enhancing AI-Assisted Stroke Emergency Triage with Adaptive Uncertainty Estimation

Shuhua Yang, Tongan Cai, Haomiao Ni, Wenchao Ma, Yuan Xue, Kelvin Wong, John Volpi, James Z. Wang, Sharon X. Huang, Stephen T.C. Wong

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

Abstract

Stroke diagnosis in emergency rooms (ERs) is challenging due to limited access to MRI scans and a shortage of neurologists. Although AI-assisted triage has shown promise, existing methods typically use MRI-derived training labels, which may not align with stroke patterns in patient multimedia data. To address this mismatch, we propose an Adaptive Uncertainty-aware Stroke TrIage Network (AUSTIN) (Source code for the framework is at https://github.com/shuashua0608/AUSTIN), that leverages inconsistencies between clinician triage decisions and MRI-derived labels to enhance AI-driven stroke triage. This approach mitigates overfitting to clinician-MRI disagreement cases during training, significantly improving test accuracy. Additionally, it identifies high-uncertainty samples during inference, prompting further imaging or expert review. Evaluated on a clinical stroke patient dataset collected in an ER setting, AUSTIN achieves over 20% performance gain over human triage and a 13% improvement over a prior state-of-the-art method. The learned uncertainty scores also show strong alignment with discrepancies in clinical assessments, highlighting the framework’s potential to enhance the reliability of AI-assisted stroke triage.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationMedical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2025 - 28th International Conference, 2025, Proceedings
EditorsJames C. Gee, Jaesung Hong, Carole H. Sudre, Polina Golland, Jinah Park, Daniel C. Alexander, Juan Eugenio Iglesias, Archana Venkataraman, Jong Hyo Kim
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages148-157
Number of pages10
ISBN (Print)9783032051844
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 25 2025
Event28th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2025 - Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
Duration: Sep 23 2025Sep 27 2025

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science
Volume15973 LNCS
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference28th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2025
Country/TerritoryKorea, Republic of
CityDaejeon
Period9/23/259/27/25

Keywords

  • Multimedia
  • Stroke Triage
  • Uncertainty Estimation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • General Computer Science

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